satinverse

donations welcome this the only official donations public profiles no websites thanks

2012-02-09T19:32:00.000-08:00

2008-03-08T14:42:00.001-08:00

hi its great to here from you indeed,, i thuoght maybe you went off in another diamention with all our levitation fun ;; when you left another person showed up, tom sky filmed only a hour got effected badly not from rf but i think a wierd wave it affected 10 city blocks in old westminster; people where telling me. doctors reported it to me and others.. the waves where x tra strong and almost pulled the chains out of the walls ceilings so iam happy your ok you spent about 4 times filming its great to here you did not get odd from the gravity machine iam ok myself no problems i think it forms a bubble active zone then not active then active again like teslas mystery sparks would do the same now to the POWER CELLS PLEASE TRY PURE DIRECT CURRENT ONTO WHISKERS.. YOU WANT TO PUT INSIDE TRY FIRST 12 VOLTS for i minute THEN FOR ONE SECOND TRY 10 000 VOLTS D.C NO HEAVY CURRENTS !!!! THESE CELLS SCAVENGE ENERGY FROM ALL THINGS EVEN THOUGHT FORMS AS IAM TOLD FROM ROLAND IN MUNCHEN PLUS OTHERS;;; YOU MAY WANT TO TEST WHAT THEY PICK UP LIKE MODULATIONS FROM THEM ,, AS LIKEmy OLD PARTNER DID WITH ME BUT HE USED THEM FOR PICKING UP OIL AND FORMED A COMANY PINNACLE OIL INTERNATIONAL NOW THIS http://www.nxtenergy.com/nxt/DesktopDefault.aspx they use these crystals with a computer program the technology is really pharos technologies stolen by george lisacase then when he found the power cells did the same thing he formed this company. bad energy this guy ;; OK POWER CELLS IF I MADE A HUNDRED OF THEM ABOUT 25 WOULD TURN OUT GREAT. THE IDEAS WOULD BE TO FIND THE BEST COMBINATION of material THEN WORK IT DOWN TO VERY SMALL UNITS THEN TRY COMBINATIONS OFthese SERIES AND PARRELEL TO BUILD UP A POWER SOURCE THEN THINK OF IDEAS IN INJECTION MOLD FOR COMMERCIAL UNITS FOR PUBLIC .. JUST IDEAS IAM HAPPY YOU HAVE CARRIED THIS INTO A BETTER REALM THEN ALL THE OTHERS WHO WHERE VERY OR TO QUICK OR FAST AND DROPPED THE PROJECT for doing other things i wander if thomas messer kept his collection ????as he has moved from germany to canada .. AS YOU DO NOT ;;;; LETS SEE WHAT MAY BRINGS HOW IS MY OLD ERUOPE DOING VEINNA SALBERG MUNCHEN I LIVED A LIFE OVER THERE WOW ;;; I JUST WROTE PRINCE ALFRED VON LEICHTSTENSTIEN WHO YOU MAY WANT TO CONNECT WITH ???? I MET HIM IN 1997 roland emailed me from munchen ; as did gaine ;; hope dr margarita is ok frau doctor yin called her HEY MISSING YOU AND DONT FLOAT AWAY IN YOUR RESEARCH ill try not to level the building JUST JOKEING CHEERS JOHN ps i had 3 human squirrels visit me fire department this time they do this every few years next time the police i guess to predictable now ; i like the fuzzy ones better
----- Original Message -----
From: Dr Thorsten Ludwig
To: 'johnhutchison'
Sent: Saturday, March 08, 2008 1:40 PM
Subject: AW: fantastic

Hy John, according to your email frequency it seams you are doing fine.

Glad to see that.

It was a great time with you in good old New Westminster.

I have reached home fine with the samples you made for us and am now experimenting with them.

The big one in a platic container about the size of an old film can is the best performer. Around .55 Volt and up to .15 mA. Another big one in a small silver plated pipe with a brass rod in the middle is having .15 Volt and give .01 mA. With a load of 50 kOhm the power slowly drops. The ones in the gun shells and in the cigarette filter I have not tested to much, but I have now set up nice measuring units that take long and accurate readings. I am now getting ready to activate the ones that give now volt at the moment (about half of the samples)

Some questions:

How do I do the activation on the ones with nearly no volt. In case of the cigarette filters there is no second wire so I have to contact them as well. Should I press a wisker or probe pin onto the cristlin substance.

Hope to chat with you about the Hutchison Batteries some more soon.

Interesting! When the sun hit the batteries, the one in see through plastic, the power went way up, triple the value!

Have fun, are you in your flat now. How is live, how is the weather, who are the squirrels.

The Austrian people are interested in the project and a battery cooking time with you (2 weeks in the mountains in Tirol in around May, is still possible but not final). I have to present some more Data, but it is looking good.

Love to hear from you.

Thorsten

Dr Thorsten Ludwig

New Energy Technologies

Bouchéstr 12, HAus xxxx

12435 Berlin

Tel +49 171 6xxxxxx

Fax +49 (0)721 151 388xxxxxxxxx

Email DrLudwig@thorstenludwig.de

-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: johnhutchison [mailto:heffect@infinet.net]
Gesendet: Mittwoch, 10. September 2003 05:22
An: Dr Thorsten Ludwig
Betreff: Re: fantastic

I GUESS I GOT THIS LATE GEE SORRY I WAS DOING SOMETHING OK THURSDAY IS OK AFTERNOON THE HD IS MOST LIKEY BETTER AS MY FRIEND THE FILM MAKER LOVES HD MY COMPUTER CANNOT HANDLE 43 MEGABITS OK TOMORROW AFTER NOON IT IS SHAL BE FUN CHEERS JOHN

----- Original Message -----

From: Dr Thorsten Ludwig

To: 'johnhutchison'

Sent: Wednesday, December 05, 2007 3:21 PM

Subject: AW: fantastic

Dear John,

I burned a DVD, it is a High definition file. You need a HD software player for your PC to look at it. It is of higher Quality that DVD. My Laptop can not convert it down. It is not powerful enough. Can be done later on a more powerful machine. But you can have the higher quality copy right now.

I also want to give you 1000 Page 43 MB file on antigravity, that is PDF format.

Hope to see you soon.

How about doing another levi session tomorrow afternoon?

And Crystal Cell Video Message on?

Dr Thorsten Ludwig

New Energy Technologies

Bouchéstr 12, HAusxxxxxxxx

12435 Berlin

Tel +49 171 6280xxxxx

Fax +49 (0)721 151 388608

Email DrLudwig@thorstenludwig.de

-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: johnhutchison [mailto:heffect@infinet.net]
Gesendet: Sonntag, 7. September 2003 23:04
An: Thorsten Ludwig
Cc: Jeane Manning
Betreff: fantastic

hi hi ludwick that was a fun day testing the levitation unit looks like some things floated so we will do it again in a few days again please cute me a dvd so i can add to my collection george hatways old camera pickup up some interesting things onto video glad jeane you could see this wild machine the crystal power cells will be ready soon cheers and thanks jeane for dinner i like the nick cook articles cheers john hutchison

The Holy Grail Of Aurora Tx nichole ortberg southern hobbit

2008-02-09T16:17:00.000-08:00

HOBBIT PICTURES LOL .......................

2007-12-18T17:11:00.000-08:00

more for nicky follow what make you feel good

2007-12-16T13:50:00.000-08:00

for nicky

2007-12-16T13:43:00.000-08:00

more southern hobbits pictures

2007-12-14T19:24:00.001-08:00

southern hobbits ppics

2007-12-14T18:45:00.000-08:00

2007-12-06T00:20:00.001-08:00

hi southern hobbit;;; don't worry about the skeptics anything new they put down including vitamins ;; lots of the best scientists in the world ken shoulders 100 patents to his name;;; Google search evos and the Hutchison effect;; George Hathaway col john b Alexander they work as a team ;; Hathaway is publishing a book on yours truly nick cook of janes defense weekly black ops world see the book the hunt for zero point aim featured in that ; hiroshi yamabe Japan ;; jack Houck MacDonnell Douglas corp.; DR wilson defense region Pacifica Canada ; DR loran a kuehne director sciencetific technical intelligence DND Canada ;DR Laurie dr. DND Canada col Tim deer DND Canada DR earl ledger Canada DND DR liken DND DSTI Canada Eric neilson deputy prime minister and at that time minister of defense DR Elizabeth Ann ruascher men and woman of science Alexis pezaro industrieal ERON Kovack Boeing corp. George lisacase alik shereseky Boeing group George had at one time pinnacle international oil company of all things ;; Roland Bredow Germany the max Planct team see esquire magazine feature articles on this DR among of Berlin university ; bruno Beckman max Planct institute and team with Roland DR peter kokoshinegg Austria where i lived DR margarita kokoshinegg Steiner Berlin ; DR pt Pappas Greece ; René louse vallee and Andrei sakorove team afar that was DR Hal Puthoff USA scientist correspondence and visit to look at old power units i made ;; DR takishi ogiwara Kyoto institute of technology testing the power cells yin gazda film maker Hollywood had cells tested by many Henry daiken industrialist with Alfred von leichstenstien part of prince Hans adam 2 leichstenstien who wanted to sponsor my technology if i moved to Toronto under guidance of George Hathaway ; richard brewer civil engineer of the Canada tar sands we demonstrated for Canada research and development team ; los Alamos labs john rink Henry strap Lawrence Livermore labs col tom Bearden red stone nuclear labs now retired Marcel Vogel USA aim currently working with DR Ludwig thorsten on his visit from Germany we finished a great demonstration and going for no 2 this weekend witness jean manning journalist for her book the coming energy revolution as well as DR judy wood in new York WTC FORENSICS aim just giving information on her research on this event some interesting parrels ; DR phillppo guillupi Brewster new York who owned HIPOTRONICS CORP ; SAIC laser group san diego ; artificial reef society of British Columbia wes roots project engineers sinking war ships look up dick long san Diego ocean center Google hmcs Yukon ; DR Andrew micros of Ottawa in regards to the power cells testing of them planetary assioation for clean energy Ottawa Canada all the above is documented wow this is long indeed but covers a tird of the folks i must saw www.bluebookfilms.com ark of the covenant i built see the show reel there www.gryphonproductions.com beyond invention as we did make power cells and demoed a flying suacer toy iam not putting in all the tv folks about over a hundred biut i can news folks ctv news alynn Edwards . cbc carl Barton global TV grant Fredrick's plus others working on news stories as they research out the scientists involved but again a lot of talc shows i do or did or whatever go on a mission to search out all the witnesses we have fox family TV strange universe and so on there just to mant to list here ok with scientists about 150 about close contact types afar types no unknown could be thousands i just don't know TV shows well past 100 news about 40 ; radio about 300 largest www.coasttocoastam.com then cfrb down the line WHAT A LONG BRAG SHEET THIS IS YOUNG HOBBIT CAN I HAVE MY ICE CREAM NOW ? LOVE YOU THANKS FOR KEEPING ME ON MY TOES LOVE ALWAYS THE NORTHERN HOBBIT
----- Original Message -----
From: satinverse@aol.com
To: heffect@infinet.net ; kevinalber2003@yahoo.com ; Robertdrake777@aol.com ; angelsofinsight@msn.com
Sent: Wednesday, December 05, 2007 7:42 AM
Subject: Putting it together

2007-12-06T00:01:00.000-08:00

Hey everyone,
i wanted to address Nichole's email.
First the biz part. One of the ideas behind the show is to demonstrate and show the world this kind of technology, and that it is real and exists and can be used for many good things. Within the show's budget are the necessary experiments funded and performed. The idea behind the show is not only to achieve this, but if we deficit finance the show ourselves (as opposed to the network funding it) then we have a good shot an owning it outright, which means owning foreign markets and ancillaries, which means at minimum doubling show revenue.
The important thing to realise is that the idea here is to make the show itself a 'safe' investment - ie investors know they're getting their money back no matter what because we've sold it to a network. If we own the show outright, then there is a further good investor return from foreign tv sales, dvds, ancillaries, etc. The other part of that 'owning it' puzzle is organising the sponsors and product placement, which i am working on now with one of the largest if not the top product placement companies here in town, Legacy. Coincidentally, i have been in talks with them about partnering on the space show, and the owner loves and funds and invests in new technology - and last week he brought John's name up out of the blue when we were talking about future science. Literally Nichole this was the day before you called. Serendipity, as they say.
So i think it's really important to recognise that step one for me is making sure investors feel secure they're getting their money back no matter what, and John's experiments get performed and the world gets to see them. This establishes John as the real deal, and importantly people get to know who he is and what he's about from the show, including personality-wise and philosophically, and his unique circle of friends, which adds a bonus.

Undoubtedly because of such exposure, John will get a new flood of offers for all kinds of ventures, but while the show company is not looking to own any patents, what potentially could be done for show investors is what is called in Hollywood a 'first-look' deal - in essense where the show investors have the right to 'first-pitch' John for their own individual ventures, and John gives those investors priority over the other people who pitch him 'like' projects, and also gives the show investors the right to match any best offer for that venture. It's all about relationships and trust anyway, so if we organise the show, everyone in that group appreciates and trusts each other anyway, which in the end is what everyone wants. i've never mentioned this potential clause to Rob or John before, it came to me thinking this through, but i think everyone would agree it's reasonable and fair and fits this situation as far as business is concerned and would make everyone happy for now and in the future.

Additionally as far as how the business of the show can also be structured - this also could be done as Rockwell Collins coming in as a corporate tv show sponsor. Besides deficit financing, the other half of getting a show on the air is filling out the commercial hour with sponsors. Rockwell Collins undoubtedly has an advertising budget, so show sponsorship could potentially come out of that. i'm talking to several other potential people/groups who could deficit finance show productions costs, so i'm just piecing all this together, and i thought i'd throw out there that Rockwell Collins could come in on that commercial sponsorship level too, and could play some great ads we could even help them make at cost in return for sponsorship (i began my career in commercials - did over 100, major top national brands).

As far as addressing the skeptics - well, John gave the knock-out list. From my area, there is plenty of video from independent production companies from many countries that have come and shot their own footage themselves, witnessing everything themselves. In putting together the US tv pitch, i will probably string some of this footage together and will forward it to you. This on top of credible scientists like Hathaway who have been with John.
Taking this further, i'd like any skeptic to consider the amount of times John has been on everything from Fox to Discovery Ch - this year a nice spike in appearances alone. Why? Because he can't do it? If he couldn't, and all those crews from around the world and witnessed and shot their own footage themselves and broadcast it but knew it wasn't real would all liable for fraud. Japanese tv, Discovery Ch., Fox (who i'm in negotiations with now for space show), etc. -- they're all in some sort of conspiracy together to enable this fraud? Of course not. People here have greenlighted broadcasting the information, and we have an opportunity to guide that the right way now besides John being a segment or guest on somebody elses show.
Also, my agency is CAA, and i would never risk my relationship with them over something i didn't think was real - never ever - if this was fake this could be career-shattering stuff for me, so i thought i'd throw that in. People tend to think that Hollywood is all about red carpets and premeires and parties, but i assure you it is not. It is run on pure, cold and very hard business, and getting the agency's backing is a big deal here as CAA is the most powerful and influential agency in this town. If they back it, your credibility with the networks goes up by ten, and you have them negotiating your deal - which is substantial.
Also, why would John risk his credibility by agreeing to a television show and then not being able to do anything? Bones laid bare there.
A few months back i asked John to float specific objects (potential sponsors products) and within two days he sent me the footage.
Just want to emphasise that besides my personal full confidence in John, there is also solid business structure involved here that protects the private investor and is beneficial to the corporate investor. In other words, there are multiple options, which is nice.
Hope this helps. i'm working on the show outline now - been going over mountains of material and rehaving my mind blown. Also makes my mind race with the scientists/mathematicians i know i'd love to have John visit on the show for an episode. Will be done with this within a few days. Biz-wise i have approvable showrunners avail from CAA, but meeting one in a few days who works for Mark Burnett and has been offered three shows by Discovery and has turned them all down because he'd have to relocate to NY and doesn't want to. This show would be run out of here, and he likes the topic.
Let me know if i can give any more info about anything, or answer any questions regarding anything above.
Cheers, kevin

satinverse@aol.com wrote:
John who can put your work into a business plain to present your work professionally to investors. What happen in 1991?? Tod said something about you not being able to reproduce your work. Pluse we have to show your Hutchinson cell an the other stuff your working on. Tod seem's to be lacking the info on you an couldn't find much when he goggled you. I have to show him your the real deal. There's still some skeptic people out there when it come to you i guess. So if Kevin or Robert whom ever can help with this I'll be able to show Tod an get things going on this end, it's sad people here in America are so reluctant to new age science you really have to have your work in a presentation that is credible an persuasive for investors to really even look at your work. Love you much miss ya silly hobbit let's getter done aye :) Southern Hobbit cheers
P.s. who are some of the scientist you have work with an can account for you work??

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More new features than ever. Check out the new AOL Mail!

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now.

SOUTHER HOBBITS AWARD WINNING PHOTGRAPHY

2007-11-16T22:15:00.000-08:00

SOUTHERN HOBBITS AWARDS

2007-11-16T22:11:00.001-08:00

-----Original Message-----
From: poetry.com
To: satinverse@aol.com
Sent: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 10:39 am
Subject: Nichole, Your Poetry Has Received The Poet Fellowship Award!

Office of the Publisher
Poetry Division
London, U.K. * * * FINAL NOTICE * * * 14 November, 2007

Dear Nichole Ortberg,
Recently, I was discussing the appointment of this year's Poet Fellows with various editors, colleagues, and publishers. The Poet Fellowship is an elite group of international writers who share a common passion for writing. In recent years, the number of Poet Fellows has grown with members from all over the world. It started in London and then quickly spread to New York, Paris, and Venice . . . and now its members literally circle the globe.
It is with great enthusiasm that I am officially inviting you to join this legendary group as a Poet Fellow. This is a marvelous opportunity for you to finally join the upper echelon of poets and writers. We hope you choose to accept this prestigious offer.
Show The World Your Status As A Poet Fellow!

To commemorate your status as a Poet Fellow for 2007, we would like to offer you one of the Poet Fellow Pins at the membership price of $59.95/£29.53. This gold pin is worn by members around the world, and it is recognized as a symbol of excellence. Not only does the honour of wearing the Poet Fellow Pin bring a high level of respect in the poetic community, it was also designed by one of the premiere jewelry artists, Samantha Higgins, who has been in the business of crafting symbolic jewelry pieces for over twenty years. Her meticulous craftsmanship is highlighted in the elaborate design and exceptional detail of each piece of jewelry. Samantha Higgins used this same care and precision when she created the Poet Fellow Pin. This striking jewelry piece has the official Noble House emblem set with 24-karat gold. It is truly a masterpiece that honours your outstanding and well-deserved accomplishments.
And That's Not All!

In honour of your distinction as a Poet Fellow, we have also commissioned special artists to design and produce a limited edition medallion--the Poet Fellow Silver Medallion. This finely-crafted display piece celebrates the outstanding men and women who represent the arts as Poet Fellows around the world. One side recognizes your Poet Fellow status, while the other side displays the flags of France, England, and the United States. If you are interested in acquiring one of these, you must place your order by the end of October. Due to the limited number of medallions, we can only guarantee their availability for a short time. Because we know how much everyone will enjoy the Poet Fellow Silver Medallion, we have decided to package it along with the 2007 Poet Fellow Pin at no extra charge. This limited edition medallion will only cost you $74.95/£36.92, and we will include the 2007 Poet Fellow Lapel Pin FREE (a $59.95/£29.53 value) with your order!
The medallion and pin come with a Certificate of Authenticity attesting to their Limited Edition status. Both are formally presented in a striking, dark brown "leather" display case. Just imagine the sense of gratification you will feel when others see this exquisite medallion and pin set honouring your poetic accomplishments. What an impressive way to show off your status as an elite member of the Poet Fellowship!
Nichole, I was extremely delighted with your work, and I feel you deserve this type of recognition. Many people write poetry for years and never obtain the level of artistry that is present in your work. You should be very proud of your accomplishment. We encourage you to keep striving to be the best and leading your local writing community by example. When you proudly display your Poet Fellow Silver Medallion and wear your 2007 Poet Fellow Pin, you will be recognized the world over as an elite poet with an undying passion for poetry.
Go here to accept your Poet Fellow nomination and acquire your pin and medallion
Sincerely,

Nigel Hillary
Publisher, Poetry Division - Noble House U.K.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This email was sent by: Poetry.com 1 Poetry Plaza Owings Mills, MD, 21117,
To Unsubscribe: Unsubscribe

If you are having an issue with the images and links or if you want to view this email as a web page, open here. To ensure you receive emails from Poetry.com, please add poetry@poetry-email.com to your address book now.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email and AIM finally together. You've gotta check out free AOL Mail!

SOUTHERN HOBBIT AND FRIENDS IN TEXAS WOW

2007-11-16T21:52:00.000-08:00

SOUTHERN HOBBIT

2007-11-14T20:54:00.000-08:00

wow a big fish yankee type

2007-11-14T20:24:00.000-08:00

nicholes many lovely awards

2007-10-12T15:16:00.000-07:00

-----Original Message-----
From: poetry.com
To: satinverse@aol.com
Sent: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 11:00 am
Subject: Nichole, Your Poem Has Received An Editor's Choice Award!

If you are having an issue with the images and links or if you want to view this email as a web page, open here.
To ensure you receive emails from Poetry.com, please add poetry@poetry-email.com to your address book now.

A personal note from the desk of:

Howard Ely, Managing Editor

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dear Nichole Ortberg,
I am delighted to inform you that your poem "The Drum Line" has been awarded our prestigious Editor's Choice Award because it displays an original perspective and unique creativity -- judged to be the qualities found most in exceptional poetry. Congratulations on your achievement!
Nichole Ortberg
2007

Your poem is also featured in a deluxe hardbound edition. This anthology, as expected, will soon be sold out. We have, however, reserved a limited number of copies that are now available only to poets included in this distinctive volume. Because you are one of these poets, we wanted to remind you of its limited availability. If you haven't already ordered a copy or wish to obtain additional copies, this is your last opportunity to do so. Don't miss out on owning this unique edition featuring your poem!
Display Your Poem For All The World To See!
Many people have asked if we can make available a commemorative plaque to present their poetry in formal fashion. We are glad to be able to do this. Your poem can be beautifully typeset on archive quality vellum with your choice of borders, then mounted on a walnut-finish plaque under Lucite. These 10 1/2-inch by 13-inch plaques are truly impressive ways to exhibit your work. They also make wonderful gifts. Please see the attached material for further information. Again, congratulations on your achievement!

Imagine Having Your Poem Professionally Recorded . . .
Every so often, as our Editors review the poems that have been presented our Editor's Choice Award, they personally select a few poems that they believe would have a wonderfully expressive quality if read by a professional reader. Your Editor has suggested that you become one of 33 poets whose artistry will be recorded professionally as a special part of a new CD poetry collection -- The Sound of Poetry.
I would like your permission to include your poem "The Drum Line" in this highly acclaimed and internationally distributed collection. The Sound of Poetry, released as a 33-track, three-album CD set (one track for each poet), features an inspiring introduction as a prelude to the selected artistry, as well as a brief commentary about each featured poem and poet. Captivating Baroque music forms the background to the spoken words.

And Nichole, if you wish to obtain a copy of this three-CD set, select the option on the Artist Proof where it says “Yes, I wish to own a copy of The Sound of Poetry. I must be completely delighted or my money will be promptly refunded.”
Just imagine how your friends and family will feel when they see this remarkable album set, which comes in three high-quality, colorful protective cases all housed in a distinctive slipcase . . . when they hear your name . . . your words . . . all presented as part of this exclusive collection. These albums will instantly become a treasured keepsake to all who see, hear, and enjoy them.
Sincerely,

Howard Ely
Managing Editor
P.S. Go here to commemorate your achievement.

This email was sent by: Poetry.com - 1 Poetry Plaza Owings Mills, MD, 21117,
To Unsubscribe: Unsubscribe

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email and AIM finally together. You've gotta check out free AOL Mail!

Reply
Reply all
Forward
Delete
Move to[New folder...]Inbox‎Junk‎Drafts‎Sent‎Deleted‎Hobbit of...‎Kingdoms ...‎New Hobbi...‎Pa and Ma...‎Robert Dr...‎Saved mes...‎Web Masters‎
Want to race through your inbox even faster? Try the full version of Windows Live Hotmail. (It's free, too.)

© 2007 Microsoft Privacy Legal Help Central Account Feedback

nichole will carry on the tradition

2007-09-14T15:39:00.000-07:00

2007-09-14T15:38:00.000-07:00

nichole will be doing great things and iam here to help i all ways we adopted each other and indeed my dream is to see her fullfill her dreams and i will do all i can to do so the inocent shall lead

nicholes amazeing family history Nicky is carring on the tradition

2007-09-14T15:15:00.000-07:00

polar bears like hobbits

2007-08-30T19:36:00.000-07:00

hobbit thuoghts

2007-08-30T19:27:00.000-07:00

solar energy nicholes interest of many

2007-08-29T12:21:00.001-07:00

• Ten things you didn't know about Wikipedia • Solar power
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

At the equator, the Sun provides approximately 1000 watts per square meter on Earth's surface.Renewable energy
Biofuels
Biomass
Geothermal power
Hydro power
Solar power
Tidal power
Wave power
Wind power

Energy Portal
Solar power (also known as solar energy) is a source of energy that uses radiation emitted by the Sun. It is a renewable energy source that has been used in many traditional technologies for centuries. It is also in widespread use where other power supplies are absent, such as in remote locations and in space.

Solar energy is currently used in a number of applications:

Heat (hot water, building heat, cooking)
Electricity generation (photovoltaics, heat engines)
Transportation (solar car)
Desalination of seawater
Photosynthesis by plants
Contents [hide]
1 Energy from the Sun
1.1 Types of technologies
1.2 Solar design in architecture
1.3 Solar heating systems
1.4 Solar cooking
1.5 Solar lighting
1.6 Solar electricity
1.7 Solar thermal electric power plants
1.7.1 Power towers
1.7.2 Parabolic troughs
1.7.3 Concentrating collector with steam engine
1.7.4 Concentrating collector with Stirling engine
1.7.5 Solar updraft tower
1.7.6 Energy tower
1.8 Solar pond
1.9 Solar chemical
1.10 Solar desalination
2 Classifications of solar power technology
2.1 Direct or Indirect
2.2 Passive or active
2.3 Concentrating or non-concentrating
3 Advantages
4 Disadvantages
5 Availability of solar energy
6 Energy storage
7 Deployment of solar power
8 Solar power by country
9 Solar powered car
10 See also
11 References
12 External links

[edit] Energy from the Sun

Theoretical annual mean insolation, at the top of Earth's atmosphere (top) and at the surface on a horizontal square meter.
Map of global solar energy resources. The colours show the average available solar energy on the surface (as measured from 1991 to 1993). For comparison, the dark disks represent the land area required to supply the total primary energy demand using PVs with a conversion efficiency of 8%.Solar radiation reaches the Earth's upper atmosphere at a rate of 1366 watts per square meter (W/m2).[1] The first map shows how the solar energy varies in different latitudes.

While traveling through the atmosphere, 6% of the incoming solar radiation (insolation) is reflected and 16% is absorbed resulting in a peak irradiance at the equator of 1,020 W/m².[2] Average atmospheric conditions (clouds, dust, pollutants) further reduce insolation by 20% through reflection and 3% through absorption.[3] Atmospheric conditions not only reduce the quantity of insolation reaching the Earth's surface but also affect the quality of insolation by diffusing incoming light and altering its spectrum.

The second map shows the average global irradiance calculated from satellite data collected from 1991 to 1993. For example, in North America the average insolation at ground level over an entire year (including nights and periods of cloudy weather) lies between 125 and 375 W/m² (3 to 9 kWh/m²/day).[4] This represents the available power, and not the delivered power. At present, photovoltaic panels typically convert about 15% of incident sunlight into electricity; therefore, a solar panel in the contiguous United States on average delivers 19 to 56 W/m² or 0.45 - 1.35 kWh/m²/day.[5]

The dark disks in the third map on the right are an example of the land areas that, if covered with 8% efficient solar panels, would produce slightly more energy in the form of electricity than the total world primary energy supply in 2003.[6] While average insolation and power offer insight into solar power's potential on a regional scale, locally relevant conditions are of primary importance to the potential of a specific site.

After passing through the Earth's atmosphere, most of the sun's energy is in the form of visible and infrared radiation. Plants use solar energy to create chemical energy through photosynthesis. Humans regularly use this energy burning wood or fossil fuels, or when simply eating the plants.

A recent concern is global warming, an effect of pollution that is allowing less sunlight to reach the Earth's surface. This loss of sunlight is intricately linked with pollution particles and global warming, and it is mostly of concern for issues of global climate change, but is also of concern to proponents of solar power because of the existing and potential future decreases in available solar energy. The order of magnitude is about 4% less solar energy available at sea level over the timeframe of 1961–90, mostly from increased reflection from clouds back into space.[7]

[edit] Types of technologies
Many types of technology have been developed to make use of solar radiation. Some of these technologies make direct use of the solar energy (e.g. to provide light, heat, etc.), while others produce electricity.

.

[edit] Solar design in architecture
Main article: Passive solar building design
Solar design in architecture involves the use of appropriate solar technologies to maintain a building’s environment at a comfortable temperature through the sun's daily and annual cycles. It may do this by storing solar energy as heat in the walls of a building, which then acts to heat the building at night. Another approach is to keep the interior cool during a hot day by designing in natural convection through the building’s interior.

[edit] Solar heating systems
Main articles: Solar hot water and Solar combisystem

Solar water heaters, on a rooftop in Jerusalem, IsraelSolar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. Commercial solar water heating systems began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were thereafter gradually replaced by relatively cheap and more reliable conventional heating fuels. The economic advantage of conventional heating fuels has varied over time resulting in periodic interest in solar hot water; however, solar hot water and heating technologies have yet to show the sustained momentum they lost in the 1920s. That being said, the recent price spikes and erratic availability of conventional fuels is renewing interest in solar heating technologies.[8][9] Australia, China, Israel and Japan are global leaders in solar hot water use.[10]

On a technical level, solar water heating is particularly appropriate for low temperature (75-150F) applications such as domestic hot water and process heat. In the United States heating swimming pools is the most successful application of solar hot water. [11]

Solar water heating systems are composed of solar thermal collectors, a storage tank and a circulation loop.[12] The three basic classifications of solar water heaters are:

Batch systems which consist of a tank that is directly heated by sunlight. These are the oldest and simplest solar water heater designs, however; the exposed tank can be vulnerable to cooldown.[13]
Active systems which use pumps to circulate water or a heat transfer fluid.
Passive systems which circulate water or a heat transfer fluid by natural circulation. These are also called thermosiphon systems.
A Trombe wall is a passive solar heating and ventilation system consisting of an air channel sandwiched between a window and a sun-facing wall. Sunlight heats the air space during the day causing natural circulation through vents at the top and bottom of the wall and storing heat in the thermal mass. During the evening the Trombe wall radiates stored heat.[14]

A transpired collector is a perforated sun-facing wall. The wall absorbs sunlight and pre-heats air up 40F as it is drawn into the building's ventilation system. These systems are inexpensive and pay for themselves within 3-12 years in offset heating costs.[15]

[edit] Solar cooking
Main article: Solar cooker

Solar Cookers use sunshine as a source of heat for cooking as an alternative to fire.A solar box cooker traps the sun's energy in an insulated box; such boxes have been successfully used for cooking, pasteurization and fruit canning. Solar cooking is helping many developing countries, both reducing the demands for local firewood and maintaining a cleaner breathing environment for the community.

The first known western solar oven is attributed to Horace de Saussure in 1767, which impressed Sir John Herschel enough to build one for cooking meals on his astronomical expedition to the Cape of Good Hope in Africa in 1830.[16] Today, there are many different designs in use around the world.[17]

[edit] Solar lighting
Main articles: Daylighting and Light tube
Daylighting is a passive solar method of using natural light to provide illumination. Daylighting directly offsets energy use in electric lighting systems and indirectly offsets energy use through a reduction in cooling load.[18] Although difficult to quantify, the use of natural light also offers physiological and psychological benefits compared to conventional lighting.

Daylighting features include building orientation, window orientation, exterior shading, sawtooth roofs, clerestory windows, light shelves, skylights and light tubes.[19] These features may be incorporated in existing structures but are most effective when integrated in a solar design package which accounts for factors such as glare, heat gain, heat loss and time-of-use. Architectural trends increasingly recognize daylighting as a cornerstone of sustainable design.

Hybrid solar lighting (HSL) is an active solar method of using natural light to provide illumination. Hybrid solar lighting systems collect sunlight using focusing mirrors that track the sun. The collected light is transmitted via optical fibers into a building's interior to supplement conventional lighting.[20]

Daylight saving time (DST) utilizes solar energy by matching available sunlight to the time of the day in which it is most useful. In 2001 this was estimated to reduce peak demand in California by 35–70 MW (0.08%–0.16%) in June through August, though total electricity use was unaffected.[21] However, there is some question whether these estimates are valid. In 2000 when parts of Australia began DST in late winter, overall electricity consumption did not decrease, but the peak load increased.[22]

[edit] Solar electricity
Main article: Photovoltaics

Kyocera headquarters. PV cells on the side of the building generate electricity from sunlight.
The solar panels (photovoltaic arrays) on this small yacht at sea can charge the 12 V batteries at up to 9 A in full, direct sunlightSolar cells, also referred to as photovoltaic cells, are devices or banks of devices that use the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to generate electricity directly from sunlight. Until recently, their use has been limited because of high manufacturing costs. One cost effective use has been in very low-power devices such as calculators with LCDs. Another use has been in remote applications such as roadside emergency telephones, remote sensing, cathodic protection of pipe lines, and limited "off grid" home power applications. A third use has been in powering orbiting satellites and spacecraft.

To take advantage of the incoming electromagnetic radiation from the sun, solar panels can be attached to each house or building. The panels should be mounted perpendicular to the arc of the sun to maximize usefulness. The easiest way to use this electricity is by connecting the solar panels to a grid tie inverter. However, these solar panels may also be used to charge batteries or other energy storage device. Solar panels produce more power during summer months because they receive more sunlight.

Total peak power of installed PV is around 6,000 MW as of the end of 2006. Installed PV is projected to increase to over 9,000 MW in 2007.[23][24] This is only one part of solar-generated electric power.

Declining manufacturing costs (dropping at 3 to 5% a year in recent years) are expanding the range of cost-effective uses. The average lowest retail cost of a large photovoltaic array declined from $7.50 to $4 per watt between 1990 and 2005.[25] With many jurisdictions now giving tax and rebate incentives, solar electric power can now pay for itself in five to ten years in many places. "Grid-connected" systems - those systems that use an inverter to connect to the utility grid instead of relying on batteries - now make up the largest part of the market.

In 2003, worldwide production of solar cells increased by 32%.[26] Between 2000 and 2004, the increase in worldwide solar energy capacity was an annualized 60%.[27] 2005 was expected to see large growth again, but shortages of refined silicon have been hampering production worldwide since late 2004.[28] Analysts have predicted similar supply problems for 2006 and 2007.[29]

[edit] Solar thermal electric power plants

Solar Two, a concentrating solar power tower (an example of solar thermal energy applied to electrical power production).Main article: Solar thermal energy
Solar thermal energy can be focused on a heat exchanger, and converted in a heat engine to produce electric power or applied to other industrial processes.

[edit] Power towers
Main article: Solar power tower
The solar heat coming from the sun is reflected off the mirrors and is concentrated on the top of the tower where it will heat water or oil to boiling point. After the water or oil is heated it will be transferred to the power plant where it will make steam to turn a turbine to generate electricity.

[edit] Parabolic troughs
Main article: Parabolic trough
A long row of parabolic mirrors concentrates sunlight on a tube filled with a heat transfer fluid (usually oil). As with the power tower, this heated oil is used to power a conventional steam turbine, or stored for nighttime use. The largest operating solar power plant, as of 2007, is one of the SEGS parabolic trough systems in the Mojave Desert in California, USA (see Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert).

[edit] Concentrating collector with steam engine
Solar energy converted to heat in a concentrating collector can be used to boil water into steam (as is done in nuclear and coal power plants) to drive a steam engine or steam turbine. The concentrating collector can be a trough collector, parabolic collector, or power tower.

[edit] Concentrating collector with Stirling engine

A parabolic solar collector concentrating the sun's rays on the heating element of a Stirling engine. The entire unit acts as a solar tracker.Solar energy converted to heat in a concentrating (dish or trough parabolic) collector can be used to drive a Stirling engine, a type of heat engine which uses a sealed working gas (i.e. a closed cycle) and does not require a water supply.

Until recently, a solar Stirling system held the efficiency record for converting solar energy into electricity (30% at 1,000 watts per square meter).[30] Such concentrating systems produce little or no power in overcast conditions and incorporate a solar tracker to point the device directly at the sun. That record has been broken by a high-performance crystalline silicon solar cell platform developed by a consortium led by the University of Delaware which has achieved a conversion efficiency of 42.8 percent.[31]

[edit] Solar updraft tower
Main article: Solar updraft tower
A solar updraft tower (also known as a solar chimney, but this term is avoided by many proponents due to its association with fossil fuels) is a relatively low-tech solar thermal power plant where air passes under a very large agricultural glass house (between 2 and 8 km in diameter), is heated by the sun and channeled upwards towards a convection tower. It then rises naturally and is used to drive turbines, which generate electricity.

[edit] Energy tower
Main article: Energy tower (downdraft)
An energy tower is an alternative proposal to the solar updraft tower. It is driven by spraying water at the top of the tower, evaporation of water causes a downdraft by cooling the air thereby increasing its density, driving wind turbines at the bottom of the tower. It requires a hot arid climate and large quantities of water (seawater may be used) but does not require the large glass house of the solar updraft tower.

[edit] Solar pond
Main article: Solar pond
A solar pond is simply a pool of water which collects and stores solar energy. It contains layers of salt solutions with increasing concentration (and therefore density) to a certain depth, below which the solution has a uniform high salt concentration. It is a relatively low-tech, low-cost approach to harvesting solar energy. The principle is to fill a pond with 3 layers of water:

A top layer with a low salt content.
An intermediate insulating layer with a salt gradient, which sets up a density gradient that prevents heat exchange by natural convection in the water.
A bottom layer with a high salt content which reaches a temperature approaching 90 degrees Celsius.
The layers have different densities due to their different salt content, and this prevents the development of convection currents which would otherwise transfer the heat to the surface and then to the air above. The heat trapped in the salty bottom layer can be used for heating of buildings, industrial processes, generating electricity or other purposes. One such system is in use at Bhuj, Gujarat, India[32] and another at the University of Texas El Paso.[33]

[edit] Solar chemical
Solar chemical is any process that harnesses solar energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive an endothermic or photoelectrochemical chemical reaction. Prototypes, but no large-scale systems, have been constructed.

One approach has been to use conventional solar thermal collectors to drive chemical dissociation reactions. Ammonia can be separated into nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and with the aid of a catalyst, stored indefinitely, then recombined later to release the heat stored. A prototype system was constructed at the Australian National University[34].

Another approach is to use focused sunlight to provide the energy needed to split water via photoelectrolysis into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of a metallic catalyst such as zinc.[35]. Other research in this area has focused on semiconductors, and on the use of examined transition metal compounds, in particular titanium, niobium and tantalum oxides [36]. Unfortunately, these materials exhibit very low efficiencies, because they require ultraviolet light to drive the photoelectrolysis of water. Current materials also require an electrical voltage bias for the hydrogen and oxygen gas to evolve from the surface, another disadvantage. Current research is focusing on the development of materials capable of the same water splitting reaction using lower energy visible light.

Solar thermal energy also has the potential to be used directly to drive chemical processes that require significant amounts of process heat, including at high temperatures that can be otherwise quite hard to attain[37].

[edit] Solar desalination
Main article: desalination
This technique uses solar energy to evaporate sea water. The humid air is then condensed and desalinated water is collected.

[edit] Classifications of solar power technology
Solar power technologies can be classified in a number of ways.

Photovoltaic cells produce electricity directly from sunlight
[edit] Direct or Indirect
In general, direct solar power involves a single transformation of sunlight which results in a usable form of energy.

Sunlight hits a photovoltaic cell creating electricity.
Sunlight warms a thermal mass.
Sunlight strikes a solar sail on a space craft and is converted directly into a force on the sail which causes motion of the craft.
Sunlight strikes a light mill and causes the vanes to rotate as mechanical energy (little practical application has yet been found for this effect).
In a direct solar water heater the water heated in the collector is used in the domestic water system.
In general, indirect solar power involves multiple transformations of sunlight which result in a usable form of energy.

Vegetation uses photosynthesis to convert solar energy to chemical energy. The resulting biomass may be burned directly to produce heat and electricity or processed into ethanol, methane, hydrogen and other biofuels.
Hydroelectric dams and wind turbines are powered by solar energy through its interaction with the Earth's atmosphere and the resulting weather phenomena.
Ocean thermal energy production uses the thermal gradients present across ocean depths to generate power. These temperature differences are produced by sunlight.[38]
Fossil fuels are ultimately derived from solar energy captured by vegetation in the geological past, but they would not normally be classed as solar energy.

[edit] Passive or active
This distinction is made in the context of building construction and building services engineering.

Passive solar systems use non-mechanical techniques of capturing, converting and distributing sunlight into usable outputs such as heating, lighting or ventilation. These techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air and referencing the position of a building to the sun.

Passive solar water heaters use a thermosiphon to circulate fluid.
A Trombe wall circulates air by natural circulation and acts as a thermal mass which absorbs heat during the day and radiates heat at night.
Clerestory windows, light shelves, skylights and light tubes can be used among other daylighting techniques to illuminate a building's interior.
Passive solar water distillers may use capillary action to pump water.
Active solar systems use electrical and mechanical components such as photovoltaic panels, pumps and fans to process sunlight into usable outputs such as heating, lighting or electricity.

[edit] Concentrating or non-concentrating

A large parabolic reflector solar furnace is located in the Pyrenees at Odeillo, French Cerdagne. It is used for various research purposes.[39]Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. CSP technologies fall into two categories; Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) and Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV). All CSP technologies require direct insolation to perform properly. This requirement makes them inappropriate for significantly overcast locations.[40]

The three basic CST technologies are the solar trough, solar power tower and parabolic dish. Each technology is capable of producing high temperatures and correspondingly high thermodynamic efficiencies but they vary in the way they track the sun and focus light.

Line focus/Single-axis
A solar trough consists of a linear parabolic reflector which concentrates light on a receiver positioned along the reflector's focal line. These systems use single-axis tracking to follow the sun. A working fluid (oil, water) flows through the receiver and is heated up to 400 °C before transferring its heat to a distillation or power generation system.[41][42] Trough systems are the most developed CST technology. The Solar Electric Generating System (SEGS) plants in California and Plataforma Solar de Almería's SSPS-DCS plant in Spain are representatives of this technology.[43]
Point focus/Dual-axis
A power tower consists of an array of flat reflectors (heliostats) which concentrate light on a central receiver located on a tower. These systems use dual-axis tracking to follow the sun. A working fluid (air, water, molten salt) flows through the receiver where it is heated up to 1000 °C before transferring its heat to a power generation or energy storage system. Power towers are less advanced than trough systems but they offer higher efficiency and energy storage capability.[44] The Solar Two in Daggett, California and the Planta Solar 10 (PS10) in Sanlucar la Mayor, Spain are representatives of this technology.
A parabolic dish or dish/engine system consists of a stand-alone parabolic reflector which concentrates light on a receiver positioned at the reflector's focal point. These systems use dual-axis tracking to follow the sun. A working fluid (hydrogen, helium, air, water) flows through the receiver where it is heated up to 1500 °C before transferring its heat to a sterling engine for power generation.[45][44] Parabolic dish systems display the highest solar-to-electric efficiency among CST technologies and their modular nature offers scalability. The Stirling Energy Systems (SES) and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) dishes at UNLV and the Big Dish in Canberra, Australia are representatives of this technology.
Non-concentrating photovoltaic and solar thermal systems do not concentrate sunlight. While the maximum attainable temperatures (200 °C) and thermodynamic efficiencies are lower, these systems offer simplicity of design and have the ability to effectively utilize diffuse insolation.[44] Flat-plate thermal and photovoltaic panels are representatives of this technology.

[edit] Advantages

US annual average solar energy received by a latitude tilt photovoltaic cell.The 89 petawatts of sunlight reaching the earth's surface is plentiful - almost 6,000 times more - compared to the 15 terawatts of average power consumed by humans.[46] Additionally, solar electric generation has the highest power density (global mean of 170 W/m2) among renewable energies.[46]
Solar power is pollution free during use. Production end wastes and emissions are manageable using existing pollution controls. End-of-use recycling technologies are under development.[47]
Facilities can operate with little maintenance or intervention after initial setup.
Solar electric generation is economically competitive where grid connection or fuel transport is difficult, costly or impossible. Examples include satellites, island communities, remote locations and ocean vessels.
When grid-connected, solar electric generation can displace the highest cost electricity during times of peak demand (in most climatic regions), can reduce grid loading, and can eliminate the need for local battery power for use in times of darkness and high local demand; such application is encouraged by net metering. Time-of-use net metering can be highly favorable to small photovoltaic systems.
Grid-connected solar electricity can be used locally thus minimizing transmission/distribution losses (approximately 7.2%).[48]
Once the initial capital cost of building a solar power plant has been spent, operating costs are low compared to existing power technologies.

[edit] Disadvantages
Solar electricity can currently be more expensive than electricity generated by other sources.
Solar heat and electricity are not available at night and may be unavailable due to weather conditions; therefore, a storage or complementary power system is required for most applications.
Limited power density: Average daily insolation in the contiguous U.S. is 3-7 kW·h/m2[49][50][51] (see picture)
Solar cells produce DC which must be converted to AC (using a grid tie inverter) when used in currently existing distribution grids. This incurs an energy loss of 4-12%.[52]

[edit] Availability of solar energy

The Sun.There is no shortage of solar-derived energy on Earth. The flows and stores of solar energy are very large relative to human needs.

The total solar energy available to the earth is approximately 3850 zettajoules (ZJ) per year.[53]
Oceans absorb approximately 285 ZJ of solar energy per year.[54]
Winds can theoretically supply 6 ZJ of energy per year.[55]
Biomass captures approximately 1.8 ZJ of solar energy per year.[56][57]
Worldwide energy consumption was .471 ZJ in 2004.[58]

[edit] Energy storage
Main article: Grid energy storage
For a stand-alone system, some means must be employed to store the collected energy for use during hours of darkness or cloud cover. The following list includes both mature and immature techniques:

A Solar powered garden lampUsing traditional batteries
Thermal mass
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity
Flow batteries
Molten salt[59]
Cryogenic liquid air or nitrogen
Compressed air in cylinders and in caverns
Flywheel energy storage
Hydrogen produced by electrolysis
Hydraulic accumulator
Superconducting magnetic energy storages
Vegetable oil economy
Storage always has an extra stage of energy conversion, with consequent energy losses, increasing the total capital costs. One way around this is to export excess power to the power grid, drawing it back when needed. This appears to use the power grid as a battery but in fact is relying on conventional energy production through the grid during the night. However, since the grid always has a positive outflow, the result is exactly the same.

Electric power costs are highly dependent on the consumption per time of day, since plants must be built for peak power (not average power). Expensive gas-fired "peaking generators" must be used when base capacity is insufficient. Fortunately for solar, solar capacity parallels energy demand; since much of the electricity is for removing heat produced by too much solar energy (using conditioners). This is less true in the winter when the peak energy use is in the early evening when food is being prepared and lighting, heating, and entertainment equipment loads are higher. Winter heating loads can be time shifted by storing thermal energy in bulk materials such as rock, water, or thermal phase transition materials such as glauber's salt or wax, provided solar illumination is sufficient. Wind power complements solar power since it can produce energy when there is no sunlight but this advantage is highly dependant upon local and seasonal wind availability.

[edit] Deployment of solar power
Main article: Deployment of solar power to energy grids
"The Stone Age did not end for a lack of stones, and the oil age will end not for a lack of oil." — Sheik Yamani, Saudi oil minister, 1973

"We stopped using stone because bronze and iron were superior materials, and likewise we will stop using oil when other energy technologies provide superior benefits." — Bjørn Lomborg, The Skeptical Environmentalist (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 120[60]

Deployment of solar power depends largely upon local conditions and requirements. All industrialised nations share a need for electricity and it is believed that solar power will increasingly be used as an option for electricity supply. The Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation (VLS-PV) proposal argues that "PV systems could generate many times the current primary global energy supply".[61] To compensate for night time energy demands they would need to be complemented with pumped storage.

[edit] Solar power by country
See the articles for individual countries listed at Category:Solar power by country

[edit] Solar powered car

The solar powered car The Nuna 3 built by the Dutch Nuna teamDevelopment of a practical solar powered car has been an engineering goal for 20 years. The center of this development is the World Solar Challenge, a biannual solar powered car race over 3021 km (1877mi) through central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. The race's stated objective is to promote research into solar-powered cars. Teams from universities and enterprises participate. In 1987 when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 km/h (42 mph).[62] By the 2005 race this had increased to an average speed of greater than 100 km/h (62 mph), even though the cars were faced with the 110 km/h (68 mph) South Australia speed limit.[63]

[edit] See also
1973 energy crisis
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
COMES, French Solar Energy Authority
Deployment of solar power to energy grids
Energy crisis
Energy development
Energy storage
Energy: world resources and consumption
European Union Climate Change Programme
Future energy development
Green electricity
Global dimming
List of conservation topics
Microgeneration
Photoelectric effect
Photovoltaics
Renewable energy
Solar air conditioning
Solar balloon
Solar car
Solar cell
Solar gain
Solar ponds
Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
Solar power satellite
Solar power tower
Solar radiation
Solar tracker
Solar updraft tower
Sustainable design
Timeline of solar energy
Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC)

[edit] References
^ Solar Spectra: Standard Air Mass Zero. NREL Renewable Resource Data Center (2006-10-17). Retrieved on 2006-10-17.
^ Earth Radiation Budget Earth Radiation Budget. NASA Langley Research Center (2006-10-17). Retrieved on 2006-10-17.
^ Earth Radiation Budget
^ NREL: Dynamic Maps, GIS Data, and Analysis Tools - Solar Maps
^ us_pv_annual_may2004.jpg. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US. Retrieved on 2006-09-04.
^ International Energy Agency - Homepage
^ Liepert, B. G. (2002-05-02). Observed Reductions in Surface Solar Radiation in the United States and Worldwide from 1961 to 1990. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 29, NO. 10, 1421. Retrieved on 2006-09-04.
^ [Ken Butti and John Perlin - A Golden Thread (2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology) Part III, Solar Water Heating]
^ - John Perlin - Solar Hot Water Heating
^ - Solar Hot Water in China
^ - John Perlin - Solar Hot Water Heating
^ NREL - Solar Hot Water
^ Solar Hot Water Heating History
^ EERE - Indirect Gain (Trombe Walls)
^ NREL - Transpired Air Collectors (Ventilation Preheating)
^ Horace de Saussure and his Hot Boxes of the 1700s. Retrieved on 2006-09-04.
^ Solar Cooking Plans. Retrieved on 2006-09-04.
^ IEA - Daylighting HVAC Interaction (pg 85)
^ DOE - Daylighting
^ ORNL - Solar Technologies Program
^ Adrienne Kandel; Daryl Metz (2001). "Effects of daylight saving time on California electricity use" (PDF). P400-01-013. California Energy Commission. Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
^ Ryan Kellogg; Hendrik Wolff (2007). "Does extending daylight saving time save energy? Evidence from an Australian experiment". CSEMWP 163. Center for the Study of Energy Markets. Retrieved on 2007-05-16.
^ Installed PV power
^ Solar Wave - Apr-07 Merrill Lynch
^ Regional Renewables.org Retrieved 28 November 2006
^ World Sales of Solar Cells Jump 32 PercentViviana Jiménez, 2004 Earth Policy Institute. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
^ Sun King Russell Flannery 27 March 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
^ Silicon Shortage Stalls Solar John Gartner, Wired News, 28 March 2005. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
^ 2005 Solar Year-end Review & 2006 Solar Industry Forecast Jesse W. Pichel and Ming Yang, Research Analysts, Piper Jaffray, 11 January 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
^ Solar Stirling system ready for production. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ U.S. Department of Energy (2006-12-05). New World Record Achieved in Solar Cell Technology. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
^ Solar pond in Gujarat
^ Solar pond at University of Texas El Paso
^ K. Lovegrove, A. Luzzi, I. Soldiani and H. Kreetz "Developing Ammonia Based Thermochemical Energy Storage for Dish Power Plants." Solar Energy, 2003. http://engnet.anu.edu.au/DEresearch/solarthermal/pages/pubs/SolarEAmmonia4.pdf or http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.07.020
^ IsraCast: ZINC POWDER WILL DRIVE YOUR HYDROGEN CAR, Wired News: Sunlight to Fuel Hydrogen Future and Solar Technology Laboratory: SynMet
^ New Scientist issue 2577, 13 November 2006 Take a leaf out of nature's book to tap solar power by Duncan Graham-Rowe Accessed Nov 2006
^ J Murray. Investigation of Opportunities for High-Temperature Solar Energy in the Aluminum Industry, National Renewable Energy Laboratory report NREL/SR-550-39819 (USA).
^ NREL - Ocean Energy Basics
^ Les Fours solaires
^ DOE - Solar Basics
^ Plataforma Solar de Almería Concentrator Facilities
^ Sandia - Concentrating Solar Power Overview
^ Plataforma Solar de Almería - Linear-focusing Concentrator Facilities
^ a b c Quaschning, Volker (June 2003). "Technology Fundamentals: Solar thermal power plants" (Reprint). Renewable Energy World: 109-113. Retrieved on 2006-12-7.
^ Sandia - Concentrating Solar Power Overview
^ a b Vaclav Smil - Energy at the Crossroads
^ Environmental Aspects of PV Power Systems
^ U.S. Climate Change Technology Program - Transmission and Distribution Technologies
^ NREL Map of Flat Plate Collector at Latitude Tilt Yearly Average Solar Radiation
^ Solar Energy Technologies Program: Solar FAQs US Department of Energy. Retrieved on 24 August, 2007.
^ [1]
^ Renewable Resource Data Center - PV Correction Factors
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ [4]
^ Whittaker, R. H.; Likens, G. E. (1975). "The Biosphere and Man", in Leith, H. & Whittaker, R. H.: Primary Productivity of the Biosphere. Springer-Verlag, 305-328. ISBN 0-3870-7083-4. ; Ecological Studies Vol 14 (Berlin)
^ [5]
^ [6]
^ Solar Tres Project
^ Technology Roadmaps
^ Summary Energy from the Desert
^ History of World Solar Challenge The World Solar Challenge. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
^ Panasonic World Solar Challenge 21-28 October 2007 The World Solar Challenge. Retrieved 4 September 2006.

[edit] External links
White Paper Discussing the use of Carbon Finance to Develop Solar Power.
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATION OF SUN EXPOSURE.
Solar Power-Renewable energy resource.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Solar energyAmerican Solar Energy Society
[show]v • d • eSustainability and Energy development
Future 2000 Watt society · Hubbert peak · Peak oil
Transportation Air car · Alternative fuel · Alternative propulsion · Battery electric vehicle · Bicycle · Bioalcohol · Biodiesel · Bioethanol · Biogas · Biomass to liquid · Bus rapid transit · Ecodriving · Electric power-assist system · Electric vehicle · Hybrid electric vehicle · Hydrogen station · Hydrogen vehicle · Low-energy vehicle · Plug-in hybrid · Production battery electric vehicle · Public transport · Pyrolysis · Trolleybus · TWIKE · utility cycling · Vegetable oil used as fuel
Energy Conversion Electricity generation · Distributed generation · Microgeneration · Sustainable community energy system · Environmental concerns with electricity generation

Biological energy · Anaerobic digestion · Biomass · Mechanical biological treatment
Chemical energy · Blue energy · Fuel cell · Hydrogen production
Geothermal power · Deep lake water cooling · Earth cooling tubes
Hydroelectricity · Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity · Tidal power · Water turbine · Wave power
Nuclear power · Inertial fusion power plant · Fusion · Nuclear reactor · Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
Solar power · Active solar · Barra system · Central solar heating plant · Energy tower · Ocean Thermal · Passive solar · Passive solar building design · Photovoltaics · Photovoltaic module · Solar cell · Solar combisystem · Solar hot water panel · Solar pond · Solar power satellite · Solar power tower · Solar roof · Solar shingles · Solar thermal collector · Solar thermal energy · Solar tracker · Solar updraft tower · Trombe wall
Waste-to-energy ·
Wind power · Wind farm · Wind turbine

Storage · Flywheel energy storage · Grid energy storage · Hydrogen storage · Seasonal thermal store · Thermal energy storage

Sustainability Ecological footprint · Ecosystem services · Ecovillage · Energy conservation · Energy Demand Management · Green map · Human Development Index · Infrastructural capital · Permaculture · Renewable energy · Self-sufficiency · Simple living · Sustainable development · Sustainable living · The Natural Step · TPE · Value of Earth · World energy resources and consumption · Zones (Permaculture)

Appropriate technology · Air engine · Autonomous building · Cob (building) · Composting toilet · Cool roof · Earth sheltering · Energy-efficient landscaping · Green roof · Hypermodernity · Low energy building · Passive house · Rammed earth · Sheet composting · Solar chimney · Straw-bale construction · Superinsulation · Technological singularity · Windcatcher
Sustainable agriculture · Food security · Forest gardening · Humanure · List of companion plants · List of repellent plants · Seed ball · Vermicompost · Zero energy building
Sustainable design · Environmental design · Sustainable architecture · Sustainable landscape architecture
Sustainable econonomics · Development economics · Green economics · Green Gross Domestic Product · Hydrogen economy · Liquid nitrogen economy · Low-carbon economy · Triple bottom line
Sustainable industries · Agroforestry · Ecoforestry · Exploitation of natural resources · Green building · Green chemistry · Green computing · Industrial Ecology · Natural building · Sustainable energy · Sustainable forest management · Sustainable procurement · Sustainable transport

Sustainable waste · Living machines · Mycoremediation

Management Commission on Sustainable Development · Human development theory · Intermediate Technology Development Group · Maldevelopment · Precautionary principle · Rio Declaration on Environment and Development · Rocky Mountain Institute · Sim Van der Ryn · Underdevelopment · World Business Council for Sustainable Development · World Summit on Sustainable Development

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power"
Categories: Solar energy | Energy conversion | Sun
ViewsArticle Discussion Edit this page History Personal toolsSign in / create account Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Search
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this article
In other languages
العربية
Asturianu
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Català
Česky
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
‪Norsk (bokmål)‬
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / Srpski
Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
粵語
中文

This page was last modified 18:36, 29 August 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!

memo for hobbit

2007-08-29T12:16:00.001-07:00

It was 1987! At a lecture the other day they were playing an old news video of Lt.Col. Oliver North testifying at the Iran-Contra hearings during the Reagan Administration.

There was Ollie in front of God and country getting the third degree, but what he said was stunning!

He was being drilled by a senator; "Did you not recently spend close to $60,000 for a home security system?"

Ollie replied, "Yes, I did, Sir."

The senator continued, trying to get a laugh out of the audience, "Isn't that just a little excessive?"

"No, sir," continued Ollie.

"No? And why not?" the senator asked.

"Because the lives of my family and I were threatened, sir."

"Threatened? By whom?" the senator questioned.

"By a terrorist, sir" Ollie answered.

"Terrorist? What terrorist could possibly scare you that much?"

"His name is Osama bin Laden, sir" Ollie replied.

At this point the senator tried to repeat the name, but couldn't pronounce it, which most people back then probably couldn't. A couple of people laughed at the attempt. Then the senator continued. Why are you so afraid of this man?" the senator asked.

"Because, sir, he is the most evil person alive that I know of", Ollie answered.

"And what do you recommend we do about him?" asked the senator.

"Well, sir, if it was up to me, I would recommend that an assassin team be formed to eliminate him and his men from the face of the earth."

The senator disagreed with this approach, and that was all that was shown of the clip.

By the way, that senator was Al Gore!

Also:

Terrorist pilot Mohammad Atta blew up a bus in Israel in 1986. The Israelis captured, tried and imprisoned him. As part of the Oslo agreement with the Palestinians in 1993, Israel had to agree to release so-called "political prisoners."

However, the Israelis would not release any with blood on their hands. The American President at the time, Bill Clinton, and his Secretary of State, Warren Christopher, "insisted" that all prisoners be released.

Thus Mohammad Atta was freed and eventually thanked the US by flying an airplane into Tower One of the World Trade Center. This was reported by many of the American TV networks at the time that the terrorists were first identified.

It was censored in the US from all later reports.

Options Reply
Rate

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Get a sneak peek of the all-new AOL.com.

nicholes friends band texas music country girls

2007-08-22T11:04:00.000-07:00

SUPPORT NICHOLE ORTBERGS AND HER GENERATION THANKS

2007-08-21T17:54:00.000-07:00

Yahoo!!!!
John Please post on my blogger thanks southern hobbit :)
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Subject: Fw: Two big wins for the environment!

YaHoo, this is great news....

----- Original Message ----- From: "NRDC - Frances Beinecke"

> Dear Dianna,
>
> I have terrific news to share about two of our most important
> courtroom battles.
>
> First, a federal court has temporarily blocked the Shell oil
> company from drilling exploratory wells this summer off the
> coast of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
>
> Just last month I alerted you that we were rushing to court to
> stop the drilling before it could start -- and prevent any
> chance of an oil spill blanketing the shore of the Arctic Refuge
> and turning it into a long-term toxic waste site.
>
> By putting Shell's operation on hold until the full case can be
> heard, the court has granted an eleventh-hour reprieve to polar
> bears and other wildlife, and shown its concern about the
> impacts of drilling. We're gearing up for a full hearing next
> week in federal court.
>
> **If you want to help us defeat Shell's plans in this next
> critical round, please donate here:
> https://secure.nrdconline.org/08/biogems_arctic_shell_0807
>
> Now the second -- and equally dramatic -- victory: with the U.S.
> Navy about to train with dangerous, mid-frequency sonar during
> nearly a dozen upcoming exercises off the southern California
> coast, a federal judge has stepped in -- at NRDC's request --
> and blocked the use of the sonar!
>
> We are demanding that the Navy put common-sense measures in
> place to protect whales and other marine mammals from a lethal
> technology that has caused whale strandings and deaths around
> the world.
>
> The court's injunction is "preliminary," which means that this
> fight is far from over. Nevertheless, it is a stunning setback
> for the Navy, and it supports our contention that whales should
> not have to die for military practice.
>
> **You can help us prepare for the next round of this court fight
> by donating here:
> https://secure.nrdconline.org/08/biogems_whales_0807
>
> These twin victories are very important steps forward in our
> campaign to thwart the Bush administration's ongoing assault on
> America's wildlife and wild places.
>
> And you made them possible -- through your unflagging and
> generous support of NRDC. I want to thank you, on my own behalf
> and on behalf of all the attorneys and staffers who are working
> so tirelessly on these cases.
>
> What a great day for the environment!
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Frances Beinecke
> President
> Natural Resources Defense Council
>
> . . .
>
> We appreciate the opportunity to communicate with you and other
> NRDC BioGems Defenders. We are committed to protecting your
> privacy and will NEVER sell, exchange or rent your email
> address. If you would prefer not to receive action alerts and
> updates, you can click here to remove yourself from this list:
>
> http://www.nrdconline.org/biogemscenter/remove-domain-direct.tcl?ctx=subscription&nkey=we76ung4p37nk36&
>
> To update your information, including your email or mailing
> address, or to view all your subscriptions click here.
>
> http://www.nrdconline.org/biogemscenter/smp.tcl?nkey=we76ung4p37nk36&
>
>
>
>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

NICHOLES POEMS

2007-08-21T17:50:00.000-07:00

-----Original Message-----

Sent: Tue, 21 Aug 2007 11:20 am
Subject: Nichole, your poem will be awarded . . .

If you are having an issue with the images and links or if you want to view this email as a web page, open here.
To ensure you receive emails from Poetry.com, please add poetry@poetry-email.com to your address book now.

From the desk of Steve Michaels
ISP Convention Chairperson

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dear Nichole,
We recently informed you that you and your poetic accomplishments could have been honored during the International Society of Poets Convention recently held at the legendary Riviera Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 19–22, 2007, even though you were unable to attend.
Please note that because so many of our selected poets took advantage of this opportunity, we have extended the time for you to elect to receive your 2007 awards and benefits of ISP membership. All that is necessary is for you to allow us to present one of your poems at our next convention and for you to elect to receive all of the awards and benefits of ISP membership that we have scheduled for you.
Nichole, your poem will be presented at the next ISP Convention!
Receive Your Crystal Award (Over a $300 Value!)

Your awards, which will be shipped to you at this time, include your custom engraved lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award, your bronze Commemorative Award Medallion, your ISP decal, and your Full One Year Membership into the International Society of Poets for 2007-2008, and a subscription to its magazine, Poetry Today.
Your poem will be presented at the largest and most prestigious gathering of poets in history and it’s so very important for us and your fellow poets to hear your poem read with the same passion and emotion which you intended when you wrote it. This is why we have arranged for a professional poetry reader to present your poem, allowing your poetry to receive the exposure and recognition you deserve. All you need to do to have your work presented is submit your poem quickly. Just imagine . . . all of the attending guests at the upcoming International Society of Poets Annual Convention will hear your poetry read.
Now, let me tell you a little about the awards and special items you will receive once you confirm your participation by sending us your poem:
Your Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award is a magnificent work of art in itself ($300.00 value), made from imported lead crystal. It is hand-engraved and mounted on a solid marble base. This will be the first time ever that we have bestowed these crystal awards. This impressive award features a finely crafted hand holding a blue crystal globe, symbolizing the Society's mission to spread poetry around the world. It is so valuable that we have designed a special carrying case just for this award.
Your Bronze Commemorative Award Medallion ($40.00) is a forged bronze medal with intricate detail that’s brilliantly displayed on a colorful nylon ribbon.
Full one year membership in the International Society of Poets for 2007-2008 ($60.00 value) entitles you to a personalized membership card, an embroidered ISP patch, an ISP window decal, a one year subscription to Poetry Today magazine, and entry into exclusive poetry contests for members only.
Nichole, all that’s required for us to immediately send you all of these awards is for you to send us your poem that will be formally presented at the upcoming convention. Your convention poem can be written on any subject, in any style, and can be up to 40 lines in length. Additionally, we must ask you to send a nominal fee ($169.00 plus shipping and handling) to cover the expenses we incur presenting your poetry, and to cover the costs to insure and ship all of these extremely bulky and heavy awards to you. For this small fee you will receive over $400.00 worth of ISP membership materials, including your lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award!
Receive over $500 in Awards and Membership Benefits!
Nichole, my purpose for making you this offer is to recognize your poetic accomplishments. I also hope that you will see for yourself what an amazing organization we are. I sincerely look forward to meeting you in person and having you read your artistry in front of thousands of fellow poets who attend this live awards event every year. Unfortunately that’s not the case this year, so we are trying to do the next best thing. I'd like to offer you one more special gift when you send in your poem and confirmation form, because I would really like to see you in person. I will send you a coupon for $100.00 off a future convention. That brings the total value for this offer to over $500.00! We are making a tremendous effort to include your poetry at the next convention, and we hope that you will return you confirmation form and poem as soon as possible.
Go here to submit your poem.
Sincerely,
Steve Michaels
Convention Chairperson
International Society of Poets
P.S. Your lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award, bronze Commemorative Award Medallion, embroidered ISP patch, and ISP window decal will be shipped to you by Federal Express Ground service. Your subscription to the award-winning Poetry Today magazine will arrive separately. All of these items are accompanied by a 100% money-back guarantee. If you are not satisfied for any reason simply return them within 60 days for a full refund, no questions asked.

This email was sent by: Poetry.com - 1 Poetry Plaza Owings Mills, MD, 21117,
To Unsubscribe: Unsubscribe

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

NICHOLS POETRY

2007-08-04T18:55:00.000-07:00

An Angels Wait
The Waiting of you, the day of new,
like almost awaiting for God I do,
the desperation of even my weakest of thoughts became deem because of him,
like God knew he was my rescue,
To this better place we we're ment to meet within this time exstended state,
Earth they call it here, but to the few that are aware,
Earth is an anglic's sphere,
Tis a place to meet were time dosn't interfer,
A place were angels and humans alike can show they're Soul Light,
For this is something that can never fade nor dissaper,
Cause this im sure Angels Live Here

http://www.bermuda-triangle.org/html/thetrianglemachine_.html

2007-08-01T17:38:00.000-07:00

http://www.bermuda-triangle.org/html/the__triangle__machine_.html

urgent alert

2007-07-25T13:11:00.000-07:00

Hi Larry, any chance you can post this article on behalf of the Duck Valley Indian reservation please? The article was published on Monday, so it's now more than a week since the incident, and people at the reservation need help urgently.

thank you

Toni

********************************************************************************************************
There is a dire emergency at the Duck Valley Indian Reservation in Owyhee Nevada. It's a very isolated reservation on the Nevada/Idaho border. One of the many fires that have been burning out of control in the west devastated this little village and people are suffering without water and electricity for 5 day now with no relief in sight. Food is going bad since there is no electricity since all the power poles are burned to a crisp. The elderly and the children are taking a direct hit as water supplies dwindle and food is in short supply. Since there is no power the heat is taking its toll and there is human suffering since there has been no aid. If ever there was a time for The People to pull together it's now.

So give these people a chance to survive in this blistering heat. Give them a call and see what you can do. These are our brothers and sister who are literally baking in the hot Nevada sun. If nothing is done like soon, there will be fatalities as the elderly will soon expire from the heat and the lack of water.

This is a human tragedy in the making and they need help now. Do you think the feds will help them? Well it's been 5 days now and do the math. Lives will soon be lost if help does not get there soon. Please, Please contact them, do your bit for our relations.............

Contact info: Shoshone-Paiute Tribes
Sho-Pai Fire Station
1935 FireLane PO Box 219 89832
(775)757-2473
Ask for Brent Hunter, or you may contact me here in Elko,NV, Si Thomas 775-777-7739

Hu Ho

Buffalohair

NICHOLE WINS AWARDS

2007-07-25T10:54:00.000-07:00

If you are having an issue with the images and links or if you want to view this email as a web page, open here.
To ensure you receive emails from Poetry.com, please add poetry@poetry-email.com to your address book now.

Dear Nichole,
We recently informed you that you and your poetic accomplishments could have been honored during the International Society of Poets Convention recently held at the legendary Riviera Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 19–22, 2007, even though you were unable to attend.
Please note that because so many of our selected poets took advantage of this opportunity, we have extended the time for you to elect to receive your 2007 awards and benefits of ISP membership. All that is necessary is for you to allow us to present one of your poems at our next convention and for you to elect to receive all of the awards and benefits of ISP membership that we have scheduled for you.
Nichole, your poem will be presented at the next ISP Convention!
Your awards, which will be shipped to you at this time, include your custom engraved lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award, your bronze Commemorative Award Medallion, your ISP decal, and your Full One Year Membership into the International Society of Poets for 2007-2008, and a subscription to its magazine, Poetry Today.
Your poem will be presented at the largest and most prestigious gathering of poets in history and it’s so very important for us and your fellow poets to hear your poem read with the same passion and emotion which you intended when you wrote it. This is why we have arranged for a professional poetry reader to present your poem, allowing your poetry to receive the exposure and recognition you deserve. All you need to do to have your work presented is submit your poem quickly. Just imagine . . . all of the attending guests at the upcoming International Society of Poets Annual Convention will hear your poetry read.
Now, let me tell you a little about the awards and special items you will receive once you confirm your participation by sending us your poem:
Your Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award is a magnificent work of art in itself ($300.00 value), made from imported lead crystal. It is hand-engraved and mounted on a solid marble base. This will be the first time ever that we have bestowed these crystal awards. This impressive award features a finely crafted hand holding a blue crystal globe, symbolizing the Society's mission to spread poetry around the world. It is so valuable that we have designed a special carrying case just for this award.
Your Bronze Commemorative Award Medallion ($40.00) is a forged bronze medal with intricate detail that’s brilliantly displayed on a colorful nylon ribbon.
Full one year membership in the International Society of Poets for 2007-2008 ($60.00 value) entitles you to a personalized membership card, an embroidered ISP patch, an ISP window decal, a one year subscription to Poetry Today magazine, and entry into exclusive poetry contests for members only.
Nichole, all that’s required for us to immediately send you all of these awards is for you to send us your poem that will be formally presented at the upcoming convention. Your convention poem can be written on any subject, in any style, and can be up to 40 lines in length. Additionally, we must ask you to send a nominal fee ($169.00 plus shipping and handling) to cover the expenses we incur presenting your poetry, and to cover the costs to insure and ship all of these extremely bulky and heavy awards to you. For this small fee you will receive over $400.00 worth of ISP membership materials, including your lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award!
Nichole, my purpose for making you this offer is to recognize your poetic accomplishments. I also hope that you will see for yourself what an amazing organization we are. I sincerely look forward to meeting you in person and having you read your artistry in front of thousands of fellow poets who attend this live awards event every year. Unfortunately that’s not the case this year, so we are trying to do the next best thing. I'd like to offer you one more special gift when you send in your poem and confirmation form, because I would really like to see you in person. I will send you a coupon for $100.00 off a future convention. That brings the total value for this offer to over $500.00! We are making a tremendous effort to include your poetry at the next convention, and we hope that you will return you confirmation form and poem as soon as possible.
Go here to submit your poem.
Sincerely,
Steve Michaels
Convention Chairperson
International Society of Poets
P.S. Your lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award, bronze Commemorative Award Medallion, embroidered ISP patch, and ISP window decal will be shipped to you by Federal Express Ground service. Your subscription to the award-winning Poetry Today magazine will arrive separately. All of these items are accompanied by a 100% money-back guarantee. If you are not satisfied for any reason simply return them within 60 days for a full refund, no questions asked.

This email was sent by: Poetry.com - 1 Poetry Plaza Owings Mills, MD, 21117,
To Unsubscribe: Unsubscribe

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

Nicholes interest in alternative energy

2007-07-23T15:40:00.000-07:00

she wants to exsplore the areas of alternative energy as well as earth changes and alternative health her generation so lets open up to nicholes ideas and her generation The power boost ultracapacitor stack.

Manufacturer: Maxwell technologies
Cost: $4,800 (liquidation sale)

The LiIon battery I use proved to be a good energy storage, but when it comes to provide power, it is less than I would like to have at my disposal. The vehicle peformance is still good, but not as impressive as I was hoping for. The energy (Watt-hours) the batters possess represent my range, and the power it can deliver (Watts) represent ability to accelerate quickly. When the battery is connected to the power inverter, the vehicle performs comparable or better than stock one, but due to relatively high internal resistance of the battery, its voltage sag is quite deep when the power for acceleration is demanded. Thanks to the flexible inverter which can be programmed to accept low voltage, even if the pack sag to the half of its OCV (Open Clamp, or no load, Voltage) the power is still enough to get brisk acceleration, but at the expense of increased battery current. This stresses the battery and can be avoided if a hybrid pack is used: the power needed for relatively short acceleration is provided by other source which has small storage capacity but can deliver more power than the traction battery. This can be either high power lead acid battery, or a capacitor capable of storing enough energy for acceleration. In either case, internal resistance of this storage must be low, thus there is no large voltage sag. As a result, the traction battery feels very stiff, providing great power on demand. Another big advantage of this approach is ability to absorb the energy from regenerative braking. I've decided to try capacitors as storage.

This concept is not new, and several test vehicles (mainly buses) are equipped with capacitor banks to supplement the battery during peak power demands. I use capacitors made by Maxwell Technologies. Because of very high specific capacitance compared to traditional capacitors, these are called ultracapacitors.

I decided to try the ultracapacitors in favor of the ectra battery for several reasons:

- Does not need to be charged and equalized as a battery (still needs some equalization though, more on that later);
- Has far greater cycle life (few hundred thousands of cycles), so is permanent part of the car rather than disposable item as the battery;
- As any capacitor, can be discharged to 0V and left there for indefinite time (try it with the battery :-) ;
- Can be charged with the same rate as discharged, i.e. absorbs regen current regardless of "SOC" (up to the max permissible voltage);
- Requires no maintenance.
- In my case I had an opportunity to purchase capacitors at deep discount, as this model was no longer in production.

Disadvantages:
- Complicates charging as the capacitor bank has to be disconnected from the traction battery during charging and connected back for driving; this, however, would be true for the boost PbA pack as well;
- High up front cost. I suppose this kind of disadvantage applies to any component in my EV, so I don't take it as such anymore.

Next question: how many do I need? As few as possible while able to charge up to the max voltage system allow (395V in my case), so at least 395/2.5=158 caps in series. Make it 160 to be on the safe side.

What capacitance? Maxwell currently makes ultracaps with two values: 1.8 kF and 2.7 kF. If course, the larger capacitance, the stiffer the pack and longer it provides power, but it is heavier, bulkier and more expensive. Well, since there are really only two options, let's do some math:

The voltage delta during discharge can be determined as dV=I*dt/C (dt = discharge time, I = average current, ESR ignored for the moment).

My acceleration battery current starts at 0 and ends up at about 150A for real hard one, do will assume 75A average.
Acceleration time is 10 sec (I'll be going more than 65 MPH by then). 160 ultracaps in series have total capacitance either 1800/160=11.25 F total (for 1.8 kF caps) or 16.875 F total (for 2.7 kF caps).

So the voltage drop will be: dV = 75*10/11.25 = 66.67V for the smaller caps stack, and 75*10/16.875 = 44 V for the large one. The difference is only 22V and the drive system can easily accommodate that. And, larger caps are heavier and more expensive... Well, suddenly decision was very easy to make: 2.7 kF caps happened to be on liquidating sale, but not the 1.8 kF ones. So, soon I was a happy owner of nearly 17F 395V ultracaps stack.

Maxwell PowerCache ultracapacitor. 2.7kF, 2.5V
Trial fit. All 160 ultracaps will be somewhere here.
An aluminum box was welded and shaped to house whole bank right behind front seats.
Rear view. Lid was added and all the caps installed and padded by a pieces of polystyrene cut in right shapes.
Individual caps are interconnected by flexible braided strips with crimped lugs on the ends.
Fragment of the box. End of chain is connected to a cable.
Zoom in view. A bleeding resistors network is visible. This resistor ladder will equalize the stack.
View from the front with open lid. The hinge along front bottom edge of the box is wisible.
This allow to lift it open to gain acces to the battery box underneath.
Connection on the side of the box (raised position). Gas filled lifters are visible - it is not easy to swing open 160 kg box...

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To be continued...

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MY DAUGHTER SOUTHERN HOBBIT AND FAMILY

2007-07-23T11:13:00.000-07:00

WE ADOPTED EACH OTHER AWHILE AGO IAM GOING TO TEACH HER LOTS IN ENERGY AND TECH AND KEEP MY PROMISE ;; VERY GIFTED NICKY IS AND A REAL TRUE STAR THIS IS HER BLOGGER POSTED FOR HER BY DADDY NORTH HOBBIT LOVELY FAMILY PHOTOS HELLO TO THE ORTBERG FAMILY WISH I WAS THERE SIGNING ALONG

http://www.svn.net/krscfs/EVOs%20and%20Hutchison%20Effect.pdf

2007-07-16T19:55:00.001-07:00

http://www.svn.net/krscfs/EVOs%20and%20Hutchison%20Effect.pdf

http://www.global-communication-networks.com/

2007-07-16T12:53:00.000-07:00

support needed

2007-07-16T11:58:00.000-07:00

-----Original Message-----
From: Dianna Torson
To: Kristy or Dwight Stapher ; Lgortberg@aol.com; Michell Elaine Hancock ; Nicky Ortberg ; Zilverberg, Kim
Sent: Thu, 12 Jul 2007 1:37 pm
Subject: Let's do it girls ! (it only takes a minute)

A New Threat to Wolves

The Bush/Cheney Administration has announced yet more proposed rollbacks on protections for wolves Wyoming, Idaho, Montana and the Yellowstone area… one that could lead to the deaths of at least 700 wolves and even lead to the use of planes in Wyoming and Idaho to gun down wolves as they do in Alaska!

Please take action now to oppose the Administration’s plans for our wolves.

Dear Wildlife Supporter,

Late last week, even as many families enjoyed the final hours of July 4th vacations in Yellowstone National Park, officials in the Bush/Cheney Administration announced a new proposal that could lead to widespread regional killing of gray wolves, some of the park’s most popular residents.

Oppose the Administration’s latest assault on America’s endangered wolves. Send your message now.

On Friday, July 6th, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began a 30-day comment period on its latest outrageous proposals plans that would sanction the killing of more than 700 wolves in the Yellowstone area and parts of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana, including wolves protecting their pups on National Forest lands and Wilderness areas.

The proposal would set the stage for aerial gunning of wolves in Wyoming and Idaho and clear the way for the extermination of three out of four wolves in the Lolo area of Idaho’s Clearwater National Forest, a plan that had been shelved after more than 41,000 wildlife supporters spoke out against it.

Under this latest proposal, these and other wolves could be killed, even if gray wolves in the Northern Rockies remain protected under the Endangered Species Act.

The proposal comes even as federal officials are reviewing the hundreds of thousands of public comments submitted in opposition to the Administration’s plan to eliminate Endangered Species Act Protections for gray wolves in the Northern Rockies.

Fight back against the Bush/Cheney Administration’s latest assault on protections for endangered wolves… Send your message to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service now.

Just last month, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reversed its long term opposition to Wyoming’s wolf management plan, clearing the way for a state policy that allows wolves to be shot on sight in most of the state if they wander outside the safety of Yellowstone or Grand Tetons National Parks and nearby areas.

Once again, federal officials are bending over backwards to allow the killing of still-endangered gray wolves. And, once again, Defenders needs your help to stop them.

This may well be your last chance to comment on these actions before wolves in the region are removed from the list of federally protected threatened and endangered species. We’re trying to generate 50,000 comments opposing these terrible proposals before August 6th. Will you help?

ge=UserAction&id=789&autologin=true&s_einterest=C3C4" target=_blank>please send your message today.

Best Regards,

Rodger Schlickeisen
President
Defenders of Wildlife

Defenders Home | Privacy Policy | Contact Us | Donate Now

© Copyright 2007, Defenders of Wildlife
This message was sent to torsond@itctel.com.

Please do not respond to this message.
.
Defenders of Wildlife is a national, nonprofit membership organization dedicated to the protection of all native wild animals and plants in their natural communities.
Defenders of Wildlife can be contacted at:
1130 17th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

I REALY WISH MY ANGEL COULD HAVE GONE

2007-07-16T11:03:00.000-07:00

-----Original Message-----
From: poetry.com
To: satinverse@aol.com
Sent: Mon, 16 Jul 2007 11:30 am
Subject: Final Opportunity To Have Your Poem Read At Thursday's ISP Convention!

If you are having an issue with the images and links or if you want to view this email as a web page, open here.
To ensure you receive emails from Poetry.com, please add poetry@poetry-email.com to your address book now.

Dear Nichole,
I'm sorry you'll be unable to join us at the upcoming International Society of Poets' Annual Convention and Symposium to be held at the legendary Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 19-22, 2007. It promises to be our largest and most prestigious poetry event ever, as we are celebrating our 21st annual convention. As you already know, you were selected to be honored at this event, and we were looking forward to you reciting your poetry in front of more than 2,000 attending poets and celebrities from over 50 countries.
However, because we don't want you to miss out on this amazing opportunity altogether, we have arranged a way for you and your poetic accomplishments to be part of this event in a most important way without you actually being present. Although you'll be unable to participate in the convention contest (you must be able to recite your poetry in front of the contest judges to win), you can still receive your Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award (a custom engraved crystal statuette), and your bronze Commemorative Award Medallion. We will also include one full year of membership into the International Society of Poets for 2007 and a subscription to its magazine, Poetry Today. All you have to do is allow us to present one of your poems at this year's convention in your place.
Nichole Ortberg, Your Poem Can Still Be Read At The
Largest Gathering Of Poets In History!
It's so very important for us and your fellow poets to hear your poem read with the same passion and emotion which you intended when you wrote it. All you need to do to have your work presented is submit your poem quickly. We have arranged for professional poetry readers to present your poem at this largest gathering of poets in history. Our readers will present your poem with imaginative style, so that your artistry receives the worldwide exposure and recognition that it deserves. Your poem will also be featured in printed form, proudly displayed in a special room at the convention that will be accessible to more than 2,000 attending poets and guests.
Now, let me tell you a little about the awards and special items you will receive once you confirm your participation by sending us your poem. You will receive all of these items immediately following the convention:
Your Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award is a magnificent work of art in itself ($300.00 value), made from imported lead crystal. It is hand-engraved and mounted on a solid marble base. This will be the first time ever that we have bestowed these crystal awards. This impressive award features a finely crafted hand holding a blue crystal globe, symbolizing the Society's mission to spread poetry around the world. It is so valuable that we have designed a special carrying case just for you to take it home.
Your Bronze Commemorative Award Medallion ($40.00) is a forged bronze medal with intricate detail that's brilliantly displayed on a colorful nylon ribbon.
Full one year membership in the International Society of Poets for 2007-2008 ($60.00 value) entitles you to a personalized membership card, an embroidered ISP patch, an ISP window decal, a one year subscription to Poetry Today magazine, and entry into exclusive poetry contests for members only.
Nichole, all that's required for us to immediately send you all of these awards is for you to send us your poem that will formally be presented at the convention. Your convention poem can be written on any subject, in any style, and can be up to 40 lines in length. Because you will not be present, we must ask you to send a nominal fee ($169.00 plus shipping and handling) to cover the expenses we incur presenting your poetry, and to cover the costs to insure and ship all of these extremely bulky and heavy awards to you. For this small fee, you will receive over $400.00 worth of ISP membership materials, including your lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award!
Nichole, my purpose for making you this offer is for you to see for yourself what an amazing organization we are. I sincerely look forward to meeting you in person and having you read your artistry in front of thousands of fellow poets who attend this live awards event every year. Unfortunately, that's not the case this year, so we are trying to do the next best thing. I'd like to offer you one more special gift when you send in your poem and confirmation form, because I would really like to see you in person. I will send you a coupon for $100.00 off a future convention. That brings the total value for this offer to over $500.00! We are making a tremendous effort to include your poetry at this year's convention, and we hope that you will return your confirmation form and poem as soon as possible.
Go here to submit your poem.
Sincerely,
Steve Michaels
Convention Chairperson
International Society of Poets
P.S. Your lead crystal Outstanding Achievement in Poetry Award, bronze Commemorative Award Medallion, embroidered ISP patch, and ISP window decal will be shipped to you by Federal Express Ground service. Your subscription to the award-winning Poetry Today magazine will arrive separately. All of these items are accompanied by a 100% money-back guarantee. If you are not satisfied for any reason, simply return them within 60 days for a full refund, no questions asked.

This email was sent by: Poetry.com - 1 Poetry Plaza Owings Mills, MD, 21117,
To Unsubscribe: Unsubscribe

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

http://www.global-communication-networks.com/

2007-07-14T20:23:00.001-07:00

Dennis for President

2007-07-09T01:05:00.000-07:00

[01:04] Monday July 9, 2007

Home
INBOX
Compose
Search
Addresses
Settings

Logout

heffect@infinet.net

Back Back to messages

Date: Wed, 4 Jul 2007 21:38:00 -0400 (EDT)
From: Dennis Kucinich
To: heffect@infinet.net
Subject: July 4th Message from Dennis Kucinich
Show headers:All | Normal

Reply | Reply to all | Forward | Forward as attachment | Delete View email as: Raw | XML

July 4th Message from Dennis Kucinich

Dear Friend,

Happy Birthday, America, from Dennis and Elizabeth. Today is Independence Day, the 4th of July. What would our forefathers think if they could see where this nation is today? What happened to their America, this land of the free, home of the brave? Would our founders be ashamed? I can tell you I sense a change in the wind. There is a hunger in this nation for a grand vision to bring us all together, to heal us and lift our spirits. There is a hunger for clarity, for a sense of purpose.

Click here to view Dennis's video message.

Where as a nation are we going? Who among us doesn't yearn for a better way, a better day for themselves and their families? There is a hunger for the truth. What is wrong in standing for principles that unite, not divide? Where is the integrity in the public life of our nation?

We must have the courage to believe in unity. We must understand the imperative of human unity. No American should be left behind. Each person everywhere has fundamental human rights. "We hold these truths to be self evident" speaks our Declaration, "that all men -- and women -- are created equal." This document speaks to the highest truths which unite us as a nation and which also unite us with the world community celebrating life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

We understand that peace connects us to security and to prosperity and a celebration of the human condition as war leads to fear and poverty and destruction of the human condition. What do we say to the people when there is no peace? What do we say to the people when there are no resources for education, or for health care; when there is no real security; where there is no real government of the people, by the people, and for the people?

A new America awaits those of us who still believe. Together, you and I have the power. We have the power to create peace for the people, health care for the people, education for the people, jobs for the people; to create a government of integrity for the people, of trust for the people, and healing for the people.

It is time to let the nation hear, and it is time to let the people speak; to let the world hear you. We are a great nation who want to build, not bomb; who want to create, not destroy, who want to love, not hate, who believe in the dignity of all people, who want to embrace the world and lend it a healing hand.

I will protect your Constitution. I will protect your Bill of Rights. I will keep America strong with defense built on honesty, integrity, peace, and goodwill towards our fellow world citizens. Because our forefathers put their lives on the line to create a country which had the ability to adapt to an undreamed of future, America needs each of us to respond to that impulse for recreating our higher destiny.

It is our turn, to declare once again, our independence from the shackles of repressive politics. You, and we, have the power to turn this upside-down world right side up. Join me in this grandest of visions; the hope that is the beacon for you and for all the world; that America the beautiful, that America we love.

I'm Dennis Kucinich, and I'm running for the people, and I'm ready to be your President of our United States.

Thank you.

Dennis

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

877-41-DENNIS (877-413-3664)

Paid for by Kucinich for President 2008

Forward email

This email was sent to heffect@infinet.net, by denniskucinichmessages@kucinich.us
Update Profile/Email Address | Instant removal with SafeUnsubscribe™ | Privacy Policy.

Kucinich for President 2008 | 11808 Lorain Ave | Cleveland | OH | 44111

Copyright © 2002 Infinet Communications Group

nicholes sciences

2007-07-06T19:47:00.000-07:00

FOR MY HOBBIT

2007-07-05T19:09:00.001-07:00

HUTCHISON EFFECT INFO

2007-06-27T17:36:00.001-07:00

The Hutchison Effect

Related Info
Hutchison 2007 DVD- Hours of video and hundreds of closeup photos in the ultimate premiere collection DVD-Rom, only $29.99. Click Here

Related Articles- Documents & articles explaining the Hutchison Effect.
~The ULTIMATE Hutchison~
Closeup Photos of the Effect
Corum's 'Hutchison-Physics'
George Hathaway Interview
Don Adsitt's H-Effect Site
The Poltergeist Machine?
Harold Berndt on 'The Effect'
The Hutchison File
Project Venificus
Mel Winfield's Nucleonic Energy
Philadelphia Experiment 2006

Video Links - Several links to streaming online video. Buy our DVD for higher quality streams:
Hutchison Heavy-Mix
Hutchison 2006 Remix
Hutchison's 'Lost-Footage'
Lost-Footage (alt-host)
Hutchison 'Zero-Point' Footage
Harold Berndt's 2006-Footage

Related Sites- Official and fansites for the H-Effect.
The 'Official' Hutchison Site
The Hutchison Effect Online

Audio Interviews - In-depth interviews exploring the effect:
Hutchison 2004 Audio
Hutchison & Ted Gagnon
Ted Gagnon Audio
Col. John Alexander Audio

Contact Hutchison - To contact John Hutchison via email: Click Here

Scalar Mechanics - Much of Tom Bearden's research in the 1980's related to scalar mechanics and Tesla-technology that might be related to the Hutchison-Effect. Click Here

Scalar EM - When two or more Tesla coils are run in close proximity to each other, they tend to create pockets of higher and lower energy where the Hertzian waveforms intersect. Where two oscillating scalar fields meet each other, they will create an isolated "peak" that has more energy than either of the two ripples that contributed to it.

Experiments - John Hutchison's experiments have been exceeding difficult to replicate due to the extraordinarily complex arrangement of waveforms that is seemlingly required to generate the Hutchison effect.

Hutchison's experiments include the operation of between 5 and 6 Telsa-coils simultaneously, but also include a buffer-voltage that he applies through a variable-output DC Van De Graaf generator.

Hutchison 2007 DVD-Rom
Over 4 Gigs of lost-footage, spectacular photos, and exclusive interviews with inventor John Hutchison.
The 'Ultimate Hutchison'
This article documents filming the DVD, interviewing John, and offers one explanation for how the effect works.
Hutchison's Lost-Footage
Only a rumor for nearly 20-years, now you can watch the 20-minutes of original footage from the 1980's (low-res).
The Poltergeist Machine?
A reprint of George Hathaway's well-known speculative article about the Hutchison-effect.
George Hathaway Interview
A brief interview with George Hathaway - Hutchison's former colleague and well-known PhD electrical engineer.
Harold Berndt's H-Effect Article
An interesting narrative by the well-known Canadian paranormal research who filmed John in 2006.
Crystal Power Cell Footage
Footage from a Hutchison special that explores John's claim of producing overunity crystal energy.

If you're interested in learning more about Hutchison's crystal ZPE batteries, send him an email at: heffect@infinet.net. For a high-res WinMedia video clip of the classic 1980's experiments, click here

Antigravity & Levitation Effects

The Hutchison effect has been known to cause the spontaneous levitation of a variety of common household & workshop materials. The photos above are a stop-motion display of a glass of liquid spontaneously flying out of the top of the glass. John has also levitated a 70-pound antique cannon-ball without any electrical connections during testing.

Melts Metals at Room Temperature!

The Hutchison-Effect jellifies metals, temporarily giving them the consistency of a putty, jelly, or sometimes even water. Detailed chemical, spectrographic, and STM analysis by Dr. George Hathaway and others shows a complete breakdown in the molecular structure of these materials that remains even after they solidify. We speculate that it may occur when high-amplitude & voltage RF waves disrupt valence electrons in solids. Closeups are from our DVD-Rom, to buy it: Click Here

August 2005 DVD-Filming

American Antigravity is a 501c[3] non-profit educational foundation, and in August 2005 we traveled to visit Hutchison at his residence/lab, and spent several hours shooting interview footage and closeups of his metal samples for an educational DVD-Rom. The photos above are of John and the research team, which includes American Antigravity's Tim Ventura, Seattle telecom executive Colby Harper, paranormal researcher Harold Berndt (and son Bryan), and Microsoft project-manager Mike Shafer. To purchase the DVD: Click Here

October 2005 DVD-Filming

Boeing engineer & HFGW expert Gary Stephenson, Harold Berndt, and Tim Ventura returned in October to obtain more interview footage and give Gary & John the opportunity to discuss potential scientific explanations for the effect. Stephenson also reviewed scientific findings by Hathaway and others, as well as spectro-analysis & STM results, and numerous letters that support Hutchison's discussion of military interest from numerous government agencies.

Hutchison's 'Lost-Footage'
The "classic" Hutchison-Effect shown in over a hundred television shows worldwide is a compilation of primarily super-8mm film-footage shot by both John Hutchison and Dr. George Hathaway during the early 1980's. It was filmed freehand, with a substantial amount of jitter and camera-play, often because John was adjusting controls with the other hand, or panning rapidly to catch an unexpected manifestation of an event. While the Hutchison Effect has been documented by television crews on many other occasions, for copyright reasons that vast majority of "classic" footage shown on-air comes from this original set of Super-8mm film reels.

In 1991, Dr. George Hathaway - an early experimental partner of Hutchison's - transferred the Super8mm footage to video-format, and created a VHS cassette tape for posterity. This tape contains narration by Hathaway, who describes not only the effect, but also the context that it occurs in. This VHS tape has been referred to as the "Lost Footage", and contains approximately 20-minutes of original footage, along with interludes in which George Hathaway provides additional information on the effect. The "Lost Footage" is available online in Windows Media and Google Video formats, and also available on American Antigravity's Hutchison DVD-Rom in a higher bandwidth format.

Debunking Armchair Skeptics
As mentioned in Wikipedia, many armchair skeptics have presented explanations for how the footage of the Hutchison-Effect might be faked. Often cited as an example is a piece of video shot by Peter Von Puttkamer in 2003 showing what appears to be a toy UFO suspended on a string as evidence. The video, which aired in a Canadian television broadcast, includes a narrative that describes a single-wire transmission system that John was experimenting with on a particular day. It is not considered to be part of the "classic" Hutchison-Effect, and has no bearing on the veracity of experimental footage shot during the 1980's. The experiment and its intent has been often misinterpreted due to early streaming-video of the footage, which excluded the explanatory narrative.

Another common skeptical accusation is that Hutchison is "tilting the room" (presumably an enclosure that can be rotated on it's axis without changing the camera orientation). This is provided as evidence that simple camera trickery is used to provide the antigravity & levitation effects shown in a variety of Hutchison Effect videoclips. Close examination of the original "lost footage" clearly shows, however, that Hutchison's footage is shot in a variety of areas in concrete-floored rooms, and full-length footage often shows floor-to-ceiling camera-pans that would be impossible for a mounted camera to achieve.

To clarify for the record, the burden of proof appears to demonstrate that the Hutchison Effect is a real and demonstrable natural effect, and that Hutchison is not faking the effect for publicity, money, or other motives.

Interviews with Dr. George Hathaway, Col. John Alexander, and television crews from Japan, Europe, and several networks in North America all verify that documented effects have been witnessed by many people at once, caught on multiple cameras (both amateur and professional), and do not involve simple trickery.

Other skeptics have suggested that while the Effect is real, it is not a natural phemenon, but instead a "psychic" or "PK" (psychokinesis) effect. This seemingly outlandish notion is the result of a report filed by a Stanford Research Institute team in the 1980's, who were funded by INSCOM Colonel John Alexander and focused primarily on researching suspected psychic-phenomenon.

While this team verified that the Hutchison Effect did occur, they were unable to provide a scientific explanation for it, and thus described it as being psycho-kinetic in nature. Hutchison has speculated that the effect might also have been described as PK in order to keep it from being classified by the Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) as important to national security.

Recent Events
During DVD filming by American Antigravity, we were unable to capture the H-Effect on film due to Hutchison lacking the RF-tube equipment that he used throughout the 1980's to generate the classic effect. This inability (from 1992 to 2006) to recreate the classic Hutchison Effect is in fact the reason that Hutchison was experimenting with other projects, such as the single-wire transmission system filmed by Peter Von Puttkamer. During part of this period of time, John was also under a voluntary test restriction by the local Vancouver mayor, who previously received calls from panicked neighbors during John's experiments.

In March 2006, this situation changed when a former colleague of Hutchison's - Alex Cherechesku - moved to a new house in Vancouver, and during the move returned an original RF tube amplifier to John that had been presumed lost over a decade earlier. Hutchison immediately began new experimentation, and during filming with well-known Canadian paranormal investigator Harold Berndt, was able to demonstrate several hundred pounds of equipment slam itself into an apartment wall with no apparent causal force. American Antigravity plans a return trip to attempt to capture the effect hopefully before the end of the year in 2007.

Recent Speculation
PhD Electrical Engineer James Corum co-authored a paper in 1981 with graduate-student Terry Keech where they analyzed how the metric tensor & gravity would be modified for a time-varying electric charge. The calculations that they derived & published suggest that a time-varying electric-charge can produce a 'gravitational repulsion' or negative gravitational-mass. Click Here

International Journal of Theoretical Physics (IJTP); Volume 20, 1981, pp. 63-68; Terry Keech and James Corum "New Derivation for the field of a time-varying charge in Einstein's Field-Theory".

Dr. George Hathaway and American Antigravity's Tim Ventura believe that the jellification effects demonstrated by Hutchison may come from a disruption of valence-electron binding by resonant RF interference.

Ventura has designed an experiment to potentially verify this theory by recording the Hutchison Effect on an active sample using a logging multimeter, and then re-apply the same complex RF signal to the same signal at a later time using a linear-amplifier to match the original amplitude. Thus, while the original effect requires a complex arrangement of RF and high-voltage equipment to produce, it may be reproduced with a very simplistic and well-understood apparatus, verifying that a specific resonant signal is what causes the effect, and not psychokinetic or other causal factors.

Another notable factor has come to light since 2005 that also may play an important role in explaining the effect. Hutchison notes that the jellification effect begins in the middle of his sample (lengthwise), at least in the of long aluminum, brass, and steel bars. This may indicate that the length of the sample plays a role in coupling the RF signal that creates the effect to a specific sample.

Contact Information
To get in touch with John Hutchison, please send him an email at: heffect@infinet.net

info for hobbit

2007-06-16T23:24:00.000-07:00

[Physics FAQ] - [Copyright]

Updated 1998 by PEG.
Original by Philip Gibbs 1997.

Is Faster Than Light Travel or Communication Possible?
1. Cherenkov Effect
2. Third Party Observers
3. Shadows and Light Spots
4. Rigid Bodies
5. Phase Velocity
6. Superluminal Galaxies
7. Relativistic Rocket
8. Speed of Gravity
9. EPR Paradox
10. Virtual Photons
11. Quantum Tunnelling
12. Casimir Effect
13. Expansion of the Universe
14. The moon revolves round my head faster than light!
15. What Does Faster Than Light Mean?
16. The Infinite Energy Argument
17. Quantum Field Theory
18. Grandfather Paradox
19. Tachyons
20. Worm Holes
21. Warp Drives
Conclusion
It might be thought that special relativity provides a short negative answer to this question. In actual fact there are many trivial ways in which things can be going faster than light (FTL) in a sense, and there may be other more genuine possibilities. On the other hand there are also good reasons to believe that real FTL travel and communication will always be unachievable. This article is not a full answer to the question which will (no doubt) continue to be discussed in the newsgroups for the foreseeable future, but it does cover some of the more common points which are made repeatedly.

It is sometimes objected that "they said no-one would ever go faster than sound and they were wrong. Now they say no-one will ever go faster than light. . ." Actually it is probably not true that anybody said it was impossible to go faster than sound. It was known that rifle bullets go faster than sound long before an aircraft did. The truth is that some engineers said that controlled flight at faster than sound might be impossible, and they were wrong about that. FTL is a very different matter. It was inevitable that someone would one day succeed in flying faster than sound once technology got round the problems. It is not inevitable that one day technology will enable us to go faster than light. Relativity has a lot to say about it. If FTL travel or FTL communication were possible then causality would probably be violated and some very strange conclusions would follow.

First we will cover the trivial ways in which things can go FTL. These points are mentioned, not because they are interesting, but because they come up time and time again when FTL is being discussed, and so it is necessary to deal with them. Then we will think about what we mean be non-trivial FTL travel/communication and examine some of the arguments against it. Finally we will look at some of the more serious proposals for real FTL. Many of these things are discussed in more detail elsewhere in the FAQ and hyper-links are provided. The sections are numbered so that they can be referred to individually.

Trivial FTL travel
1. Cherenkov Effect
One way to go faster than light is to make the light slower! Light in vacuum travels at a speed c which is a universal constant (see Relativity FAQ Is the speed of light constant?), but in a dense medium such as water or glass, light slows down to c/n where n is the refractive index of the medium (1.0003 for air, 1.4 for water). It is possible for particles to travel through air or water at faster than the speed of light in the medium. Cherenkov radiation is produced as an effect. See the relativity FAQ Is there an equivalent of the sonic boom for light?.

When we discuss going faster than the speed of light we are really talking about exceeding the speed of light in vacuum c (299792458 m/s). The Cherenkov effect is therefore not considered an example of FTL travel.

2. Third Party Observers
If a rocket A is travelling away from me at 0.6c in a Westerly direction, and another B is travelling away from me at 0.6c in an Easterly direction, then the total distance between A and B as seen in my frame of reference is increasing at 1.2c. An apparent relative speed greater than c can be observed by a third person in this way.

However, this is not what is normally meant by relative speeds. The true speed of rocket A relative to rocket B is the speed at which an observer in rocket B observes his distance from A to be increasing. The two speeds must be added using the relativistic formula for addition of velocities. (see Relativity FAQ How do You Add Velocities in Special Relativity?) In this case the relative speed is actually about 0.88c so this is not FTL travel.

3. Shadows and Light Spots
Think about how fast a shadow can move. If you project a shadow of your finger using a nearby lamp onto a far away wall and then wag your finger, the shadow will move much faster than your finger. If your finger moves parallel to the wall, the speed will be multiplied by a factor D/d where d is the distance from the lamp to your finger and D is the distance from the lamp to the wall. It can actually be much faster than this if the wall is at some oblique angle. If the wall is very far away the movement of the shadow will be delayed because of the time it takes light to get there but its speed is still amplified by the same ratio. The speed of a shadow is therefore not restricted to be less than the speed of light.

Others things which can go faster than the speed of light include the spot of a laser which is pointed at the surface of the moon. Given that the distance to the moon is 385,000 km try working out the speed of the spot if you wave the laser at a gentle speed. You might also like to think about a wave arriving obliquely at a long straight beach. How fast can the point at which the wave is breaking travel along the beach?

This sort of thing can turn up in nature. For example the beam of light from a pulsar can sweep across a dust cloud. A bright explosion emits an expanding spherical shell of light or other radiation. When it intersects a surface it creates a circle of light which expands faster than light. A natural example of this has been observed when an electromagnetic pulse from a lightning flash hits an upper layer of the atmosphere.

These are all examples of things which can go faster than light, but which are not physical objects. It is not possible to send information faster than light on a shadow or light spot so FTL communication is not possible in this way. This is not what we mean by faster than light travel although it shows how difficult it is to define what we really do mean by faster than light travel. See also the Relativity FAQ The Superluminal Scissors.

4. Rigid bodies
If you have a long rigid stick and you hit one end, wouldn't the other end have to move immediately? Would this not provide a means of FTL communication?

Well it would if there were such things as perfectly rigid bodies. In practice the effect of hitting one end of the stick propagates along it at the speed of sound in the material which depends on its elasticity and density. Relativity places an absolute limit on material rigidity so that the speed of sound in the material will not be greater than c.

The same principle applies if you hold a long string or rod vertically in a gravitational field and let go of the top end. The point at which you let go will start to move immediately, but the lower end cannot move until the effect has propagated down the length at the speed of sound in the material.

It is difficult to formulate a general theory of elastic materials in relativity, but the general principle can be illustrated with Newtonian mechanics. The equation for longitudinal motion in an ideal elastic body can be derived from Hooke's law. In terms if the mass per unit length p and the Young's modulus of elasticity Y the longitudinal displacement X satisfies a wave equation, (see for example "Classical Mechanics" Herbert Goldstein)

d2X d2X
p --- - Y--- = 0
dt2 dx2

Plane wave solutions travel at the speed of sound s where s2 = Y/p. This wave equation does not allow any causal effect to propagate faster than s. Relativity therefore imposes a limit on elasticity: Y < pc2. In practice no known material comes anywhere near this limit. Note that even if the velocity of sound is near c the matter does not necessarily move at relativistic speeds. But how can we know that no material can possible exceed this limit? The answer is that all materials are made of particles whose interaction are governed by the standard model of particle physics, and no influence faster than light can propagate in that model (see below about quantum field theory).

Although there is no such thing as a rigid body there is such a thing as rigid body motion but this is another example in the same category as the shadows and light spots described above which do not give you FTL communication. (see also the relativity FAQ articles The Superluminal Scissors and The Rigid Rotating Disk in Relativity).

5. Phase velocity
Look at this wave equation:

d2u d2u
-- - c2 -- + w2 u = 0
dt2 dx2

This has solutions of the form:

u = A cos( ax - bt )

c2 a2 - b2 + w2 = 0

These solutions are sine waves propagating with a speed,

v = b/a = sqrt(c2 + (w/a)2)

But this is faster than light, so is this the equation for a tachyon field? No it is the usual relativistic equation for an ordinary massive scalar particle!

The paradox is resolved by distinguishing this velocity which is known as the phase velocity vph from another velocity known as the group velocity vgr which is given by,

vgr = c / vph

If a wave solution has a frequency dispersion it will take the form of a wave packet which travels at the group velocity which is less than c. Only its wave trains travel at the phase velocity. It is only possible to send information with such a wave equation at the group velocity so the phase velocity is yet another example of a speed faster than light which cannot carry a message.

6. Superluminal Galaxies
If something is coming towards you at nearly the speed of light and you measure its apparent speed without taking into account the diminishing time it takes light to reach you from the object, you can get an answer which is faster than light . This is an illusion and is not due to the object moving at FTL. See the relativity FAQ Apparent Superluminal Velocity of Galaxies.

7. Relativistic Rocket
A controller based on Earth is monitoring a space-ship moving away at a speed 0.8c. According to the theory of relativity he will observe a time dilation affecting the clocks on the ship and slowing them down by a factor of 0.6, even after he has taken into account the Doppler shift of signals coming from the space-ship. If he works out the distance moved by the ship divided by the time elapsed as measured by the on-board clocks, he will get an answer of 4/3 c. This means that the occupants of the ship are traversing the distances between stars at effective speeds greater than the speed of light when measured with their clocks. From the point of view of the occupants, it is the distance between the stars which is contracted by a factor of 0.6 and they also agree that they are covering the known distances between stars at 4/3 c.

This is a real effect which in principle could be used by space travellers to cover very large distances in their lifetimes. If they accelerate at a constant acceleration equal to the acceleration due to gravity on Earth, they would not only have a perfect artificial gravity on their ship, but would also be able to cross the galaxy in only about 12 years of their own proper time. See the relativity FAQ What are the Equations for the Relativistic Rocket?

However, this is not true FTL travel. The effective speed calculated used the distance in one reference frame and the time in another. This is not the real speed. Only the occupants of the ship benefit from this effective speed. The controller will not see them travelling large distances in his lifetime.

8. Speed of Gravity
Some people have argued that the speed of gravity in a gravitationally bound system is much greater than c or even infinite. In fact gravitational effects and gravitational waves travel at the speed of light c. See the articles Does Gravity Travel at the Speed of Light? and What is Gravitational Radiation? for the explanation.

9. EPR paradox
In 1935 Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen published a thought experiment which they thought uncovered a paradox in quantum mechanics and demonstrated that it was incomplete. Their argument used the fact that there is an apparent instantaneous action in the measurement of two separated particles in an entangled state. Einstein called it "spooky action at a distance" It has been shown by Eberhard that no information can be passed using this effect so there is no FTL communication, but the paradox is still very controversial. See the Physics FAQ article The EPR Paradox and Bell's Inequality for more details.

10. Virtual Photons
In quantum field theory forces are mediated by virtual particles. Because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle these virtual particles are allowed to go faster than light. However, virtual particles are not called "virtual" for nothing. They are only part of a convenient mathematical notation. Once again, no real FTL travel or communication is possible. See the FAQ Virtual Particles.

11. Quantum Tunnelling
Quantum Tunnelling is the quantum mechanical effect which permits a particle to escape through a barrier when it does not have enough energy to do so classically. You can do a calculation of the time it takes a particle to tunnel through. The answer you get can come out less than the time it takes light to cover the distance at speed c. Does this provide a means of FTL communication?
ref:T. E. Hartman, J. Appl. Phys. 33, 3427 (1962).

The answer must surely be "No!" otherwise our understanding of QED is very suspect. Yet a group of physicists have performed experiments which seem to suggest that FTL communication by quantum tunneling is possible. They claim to have transmitted Mozart's 40th Symphony through a barrier 11.4cm wide at a speed of 4.7c. Their interpretation is, of course, very controversial. Most physicists say this is a quantum effect where no information can actually be passed at FTL speeds because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. If the effect is real it is difficult to see why it should not be possible to transmit signals into the past by placing the apparatus in a fast moving frame of reference.
ref:
W. Heitmann and G. Nimtz, Phys Lett A196, 154 (1994);
A. Enders and G. Nimtz, Phys Rev E48, 632 (1993).

Terence Tao has pointed out that apparent FTL transmission of an audio signal over such a short distance is not very impressive. The signal takes less than 0.4ns to travel the 11.4cm at light speed, but it is quite easy to anticipate an audio signal ahead of time by up to 1000ns simply by extrapolating the signal waveform. Although this is not what is being done in the above experiments it does illustrate that they will have to use a much higher frequency random signal or transmit over much larger distances if they are to convincingly demonstrate FTL information transfer.

The likely conclusion is that there is no real FTL communication taking place and that the effect is another manifestation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

12. Casimir Effect
The Casimir effect is a very small, but measurable force which exerts between two uncharged conducting plates when they are very close together. It is due to vacuum energy (see the Physics FAQ article on the Casimir Effect). A surprising calculation by Scharnhorst suggests that photons travelling across the gap between the plates in the Casimir effect must go faster than c by a very very small amount (at best 1 part in 1024 for a 1 nanometre gap.) It has been suggested that in certain cosmological situations, (such as in the vicinity of cosmic strings if they exist) the effect could be much more significant. However, further theoretical investigations have shown that once again there is no possibility of FTL communication using this effect.
refs:
K. Scharnhorst, Physics Letters B236, 354 (1990)
S. Ben-Menahem, Physics Letters B250, 133 (1990)
Andrew Gould (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study). IASSNS-AST-90-25
Barton & Scharnhorst, J Phys A26, 2037 (1993).

13. Expansion of the Universe
According to the Hubble Law, two galaxies which are a distant D apart are moving away from each other at a speed HD where H is Hubble's constant. In that case two galaxies which are a distance greater than c/H apart are moving away from each other faster than the speed of light. This is quite correct. The distance between two objects can be increasing faster than light because of the expansion of the universe. However, it is meaningless to say that the universe is expanding faster than light because the rate of the expansion is measured by Hubble's constant alone which does not even have the units of speed.

As was mentioned above, in special relativity it is possible for two objects to be moving apart by speeds up to twice the speed of light as measured by an observer in a third frame of reference. In general relativity even this limit can be surpassed but it will not then be possible to observe both objects at the same time. Again, this is not real faster than light travel. It will not help anyone to travel across the galaxy faster than light. All that is happening is that the distance between two objects is increasing faster when taken in some cosmological reference frame.

14. The moon revolves round my head faster than light!
Stand up in a clear space and spin round. It is not too difficult to turn at one revolution each two seconds. Suppose the moon is on the horizon. How fast is it spinning round your head? It is about 385,000 km away so the answer is 1.21 million km/s, which is more than four times the speed of light! It sounds ridiculous to say that the moon is going round your head when really it is you who is turning, but according to general relativity all co-ordinate systems are equally valid including revolving ones. So isn't the moon going faster than the speed of light? This is quite difficult to account for.

What it comes down to, is the fact that velocities in different places cannot be directly compared in general relativity. Notice that the moon is not overtaking the light in its own locality. The velocity of the moon can only be compared to the velocity relative to other objects in its own local inertial frame. Indeed, the concept of velocity is not a very useful one in general relativity and this makes it difficult to define what "faster than light" means. Even the statement that "the speed of light is constant" is open to interpretation in general relativity. Einstein himself in his book "Relativity: the special and the general theory" said that the statement cannot claim unlimited validity (pg 76). When there is no absolute definition of time and distance it is not so clear how speeds should be determined.

Nevertheless, the modern interpretation is that the speed of light is constant in general relativity and this statement is a tautology given that standard units of distance and time are related by the speed of light. The moon is given to be moving slower than light because it remains within the future light cone propagating from its position at any instant.

Relativity arguments against FTL travel
15. What Does Faster Than Light Mean?
The cases given so far just go to show how difficult it is to pin down exactly what we mean by Faster Than Light travel or communication. It does not mean things such as shadows so what does it mean?

In relativity there is no such thing as absolute velocity, just relative velocity, but there is a clear distinction between the world lines which are timelike, lightlike and spacelike. By "world line" we mean a curve traced out in the 4 dimensions of space-time which could be the history of a particle or a point on a shadow. If the world line of something is space-like then it is going faster than light. So there is a clear meaning of what is meant by a "faster than light" velocity which excludes the case of third party observers.

But what do we mean by an "object" if we don't want to include shadows. We could agree to say it is any thing which carries energy, charge, spin or information or just that it must be made of atoms, but there are technical problems in each case. In general relativity energy cannot be localised, so we had better avoid using that in our definition. Charge and spin can be localised but not every object may have charge or spin. Information is better but tricky to define and sending information faster than light is really just FTL communication not FTL travel. Another difficulty is knowing when an object seen at A is the same as the one which was seen at B when we claim that it has travelled there faster than light. Could it not be a duplicate? It could even be argued that FTL communication makes FTL travel possible because you can send the blueprint for an object FTL as information then reconstruct the object, though not everyone would accept such teleportation as FTL travel.

The problems of specifying just what we mean by FTL are more difficult in general relativity. A valid form of FTL travel may mean distorting space-time (e.g. making a wormhole) to get from A to B without going on a spacelike curve locally. There is a distinction between going faster than light locally and getting from A to B faster than light globally. When a gravitational lens bends the light coming from a distant galaxy, the light coming round the galaxy on one side reaches us later than light which left at the same time and went round the other side. We must avoid a definition of FTL travel which says that a particle going from A to B gets there before light which has made the same journey along a lightlike geodesic. This makes it very difficult, perhaps impossible, to define global FTL unambiguously.

If you were expecting me to finish this section with a precise definition of what is meant by FTL travel and FTL communication I am afraid I have to disappoint you. The above difficulties are insurmountable. Nonetheless, you will probably recognise the real thing when confronted with it now that I have given some examples of what would not be FTL.

16. The infinite energy argument
When Einstein wrote down his postulates for special relativity, he did not include the statement that you cannot travel faster than light. There is a misconception that it is possible to derive it as a consequence of the postulates he did give. Incidentally, it was Henri Poincare who said "Perhaps we must construct a new mechanics, . . . in which the speed of light would become an impassable limit." That was in an address to the International Congress of Arts and Science in 1904 before Einstein announced special relativity in 1905.

It is a consequence of relativity that the energy of a particle of rest mass m moving with speed v is given by

E = mc2/sqrt(1 - v2/c2)

As the speed approaches the speed of light the energy approaches infinity. Hence is should be impossible to accelerate an object with rest mass to the speed of light and particles with zero rest mass must always go at exactly the speed of light otherwise they would have no energy. This is sometimes called the "light speed barrier" but it is very different from the "sound speed barrier". As an aircraft approaches the speed of sound it starts to feel pressure waves which indicate that it is getting close. With some more thrust it can pass through. As the light speed barrier is approached (in a perfect vacuum) there is no such effect according to relativity. Moving at 0.99999c is just like standing still with everything rushing past you at -0.99999c. Particles are routinely pushed to these speeds in accelerators so the theory is well established. Trying to get to the speed of light in this way is like trying to get to the pot of gold at the end of a rainbow.

This explains why it is not possible to exceed the speed of light by ordinary mechanical means, however, it does not in itself rule out FTL travel. It is really just one way in which things cannot be made to go faster than light rather than a proof that there is no way to do it. Particles are known to decay instantly into other particles which fly off at high speed. It is not necessary to think in terms of the particles having been accelerated so how could we say that they could not go faster than light? What about the possibility of particles which might have always been going faster than light and which might be used to send information if they can be detected and deflected without ever slowing down to less than the speed of light? Even if such particles don't exist there may be ways of moving matter from A to B, faster than light can get there by the usual root, but without anything having to go at a FTL speed locally.

17. Quantum Field Theory
All physical phenomena except gravity which have been observed until recently are consistent with the standard model of particle physics. The standard model is a relativistic quantum field theory which incorporates the nuclear and electromagnetic forces as well as all the observed particles. In this theory, any pair of operators corresponding to physical observables at space-time events which are separated by a space like interval commute. In principle this means that effects cannot propagate faster than light in the standard model, and it can be regarded as the quantum field theory equivalent of the infinite energy argument.

However, there is no completely rigorous proof of anything in the quantum field theory of the standard model since nobody has yet succeeded in showing that it is self consistent. Most likely, it is not consistent. In any case, there is no guarantee that there are not other undiscovered particles and forces which do not obey the rule. Nor is there any generalisation which takes gravity and general relativity into account. Many physicists working on quantum gravity doubt that such simplistic expressions of causality and locality will be generalised. All told, there is no guarantee that light speed will be meaningful as a speed limit in a more complete theory of the future.

18. Grandfather Paradox
A better argument against FTL travel is the grandfather paradox. In special relativity a particle moving FTL in one frame of reference will be travelling back in time in another. FTL travel or communication should therefore also mean the possibility of travelling back in time or sending messages into the past. If such time travel is possible you would be able to go back in time and change the course of history by killing your own grandfather. This is a very strong argument but it leaves open the possibility that we may be able to make limited journeys at FTL speed which did not allow us to come back. That is not very likely. Relativity implies that anything which can be done in one reference frame should be possible in another. Or it may be that time travel is possible and causality breaks down in some consistent fashion when FTL travel is achieved. That is not very likely either but if we are discussing FTL we had better keep an open mind.

Conversely, If we could travel back in time we might also claim the ability to travel FTL because we can go back in time and then travel at a slow speed to arrive somewhere before light got there by the usual route. See the relativity FAQ article on Time Travel for more on this subject.

Open Possibilities for FTL travel
In this last section I give a few of the speculative but serious suggestions for possible faster than light travel. These are not the kind of thing which are usually included in the FAQ because they raise more questions than answers. They are included merely to make the point that serious research is being done in this direction. Only a brief introduction to each topic is given. Further information can be found all over the internet.

19. Tachyons
Tachyons are hypothetical particles which travel faster than light locally. They must have imaginary valued mass to be able to do so, but they have real valued energy and momentum. Sometimes people imagine that such FTL particles would be impossible to detect but there is no reason to think so. The shadows and spotlights suffice to show that there is no logic in the suggestion because they can go FTL and still be seen.

No tachyons have been definitely found and most physicists would doubt their existence. There was a claim that experiments to measure neutrino mass in Tritium beta decay indicated that they were tachyonic. It is very doubtful but not entirely ruled out. Tachyon theories have problems because, apart from the possibility of causality violations, they destabilise the vacuum. It may be possible to get round such difficulties but then we would not be able to use tachyons for the kind of FTL communication that we would like.

The truth is that most physicists consider tachyons to be a sign of pathological behaviour in field theories, and the interest in them among the wider public stems mostly from the fact that they are used so often in science fiction. See the Physics FAQ article on Tachyons.

20. Worm Holes
A famous proposition for global FTL travel is to use wormholes. Wormholes are shortcuts through space-time from one place in the universe to another which would permit you to go from one end to the other in a shorter time than it would take light passing by the usual route. Wormholes are a feature of classical general relativity but to create them you have to change the topology of space-time. That might be possible in quantum gravity.

To keep a wormhole open, regions of negative energy would be needed. Misner and Thorne have suggested using the Casimir effect on a grand scale to generate the negative energy while Visser has proposed a solution involving cosmic strings. These are very speculative ideas which may simply not be possible. Exotic matter with negative energy may not exist in the form required.

Thorne has found that if wormholes can be created then they can be used to construct closed timelike loops in space-time which would imply the possibility of time travel. It has been suggested that the multiverse interpretation of quantum mechanics gets you out of trouble by allowing time to evolve differently if you succeed in going back to a previous time. Hawking says that wormholes would simple be unstable and therefore unusable. The subject remains a fertile area for thought experiments which help clarify what is and what is not possible according to known and suggested laws on physics.
refs:
W. G. Morris and K. S. Thorne, American Journal of Physics 56, 395-412 (1988)
W. G. Morris, K. S. Thorne, and U. Yurtsever, Phys. Rev. Letters 61, 1446-9 (1988)
Matt Visser, Physical Review D39, 3182-4 (1989)
see also "Black Holes and Time Warps" Kip Thorne, Norton & co. (1994)
For an explanation of the multiverse see, "The Fabric of Reality" David Deutsch, Penguin Press.

21. Warp Drives
A warp drive would be a mechanism for warping space-time in such a way that an object could move faster than light. Miguel Alcubierre made himself famous by working out a space-time geometry which describes such a warp drive. The warp in space-time makes it possible for an object to go FTL while remaining on a time-like curve. The main catch is the same one that may stop us making large wormholes. To make it you would need exotic matter with negative energy density. Even if such exotic matter can exist it is not clear how it could be deployed to make the warp drive work.
ref M. Alcubierre, Classical and Quantum Gravity, 11, L73-L77, (1994).

Conclusion
To begin with, it is rather difficult to define exactly what is really meant by FTL travel and FTL communication. Many things such as shadows can go FTL but not in a useful way which can carry information. There are several serious possibilities for real FTL which have been proposed in the scientific literature but there are technical difficulties. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle tends to stop the use of apparent FTL quantum effects for sending information or matter. In general relativity there are potential means of FTL travel but they may be impossible to make work. It is thought to be highly unlikely that engineers will be building space-ships with FTL drives in the foreseeable future, if ever, but it is curious that theoretical physics as we presently understand it seems to leave the door open to the possibility. FTL of the sort science fiction writers would like is almost certainly impossible. For physicists the interesting question is "why is it impossible and what can we learn from it?".

STOP THE SLAUGHTER

2007-05-30T18:23:00.000-07:00

Please fprward to Dennis from my aunt thanks Southern Hobbit
-----Original Message-----
F
Subject: Fw: EMERGENCY ACTION! Slaughter of Buffalo Calves Planned by Montana

Come on girls let's fire up and get mad. Call, email, yell!!!
----- Original Message -----
From: Buffalo Field Campaign
To: Stop the Slaughter
Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2007 10:09 AM
Subject: EMERGENCY ACTION! Slaughter of Buffalo Calves Planned by Montana

************
SAVE THE HERD ~ SPREAD THE WORD!!
Please pass this alert on to everyone you know! Thank you!!
************

Dear Buffalo Supporters,

Montana intends to capture and slaughter wild buffalo, starting this week. Please take a moment to read this alert and contact the three decision-makers listed below, demanding that they cease plans to capture and slaughter approximately 300 wild buffalo, including little calves, their moms, and families.

The Montana Department of Livestock (DOL) has set up a bison trap near the West Yellowstone airport, on state land and they intend to begin capturing approximately 300 wild buffalo - including tiny newborn babies and their whole families - starting Thursday.

Click here to see photos of the beautiful buffalo babies and their families that are slated for execution: http://www.buffalofieldcampaign.org/media/photos/bisonphotos0607maycalves.html

At an "emergency" Board of Livestock meeting in the Governor's office Tuesday, the decision was made by Montana's acting state veterinarian Jeanne Rankin: the agents will capture and ship all the buffalo to slaughter without testing for brucellosis exposure. Little buffalo calves between one month to a week old will be captured, separated from their moms, and join their family members at the slaughterhouse.

Yellowstone Superintendent Suzanne Lewis was asked at the meeting Tuesday if capturing and transporting the buffalo deeper into Yellowstone would be feasible. While (ironically) the DOL said it is feasible, Suzanne Lewis shot down this option. Apparently Suzanne Lewis would rather forfeit the lives of America's last wild buffalo. She said, "it has never been a policy of the Interagency Bison Management Plan to haul bison into the Park." In other words, she's attempting to wash her hands of this atrocity, handing the fate of these buffalo over to Montana, who intend to haul them all to slaughter.

These buffalo are being charged with the "crime" of trying to live wild and free; in other words, they didn't "stick in the Park" (as if they were velcro) and they are not "responding to hazing" (as if they should behave as cattle). The decision to trap and slaughter comes hot on the heels of brucellosis being discovered in a Montana cattle herd, far to the north and east of Yellowstone, far from any migration route of wild buffalo, far from Yellowstone National Park. There are no cattle currently in the West Yellowstone area and the majority of the bison to be captured and slaughtered pose NO risk of bacteria transmission. Because the bacteria can only be transmitted through contaminated reproductive materials, bison bulls, yearlings, non-pregnant females, calves, and mothers with calves CANNOT transmit the bacteria. Bison are not to blame. Wild bison have never transmitted the livestock disease brucellosis to cattle, and this incident is not their fault either. But the cattle industry wants to blame someone, and as always, they set their sights on wildlife.

These agencies are correctly concerned about the black eye they will receive for committing this act against the nation's last wild buffalo, and with your help, they will get it.

> > > > HERE'S WHAT YOU CAN DO:
PLEASE CONTACT these three decision-makers TODAY demanding that they cease plans to capture and slaughter the buffalo who are trying to live wild and free! Contact each by phone, fax, and email and let's not let them forget that the world is watching!

* MONTANA GOVERNOR BRIAN SCHWEITZER: Demand that Schweitzer keep his campaign promise to provide tolerance for bison in Montana.
(406) 444-3111 (phone)
(406) 444-5529 (fax)
governor@mt.gov (email)

* MONTANA ACTING STATE VET JEANNE RANKIN: Urge her to withdraw her decision to slaughter Yellowstone bison calves and family groups. Remind her you are boycotting beef and your friends are joining you!
(406) 444-1895 (phone)
(800) 523-3162 (phone)
(406) 444-1929 (fax)
jrankin@mt.gov (email)

* YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK SUPERINTENDENT SUZANNE LEWIS: Ask her if it's really worth the lives of 300 wild buffalo, including newborn calves, to have Montana ship them to slaughter rather than deeper into the Park.
(307) 344-2002 (phone)
(307) 344-2005 (fax)
suzanne_lewis@nps.gov OR yell_superintendent@nps.gov (email)

It's crucial that we flood these offices today! Capture could begin as soon as Thursday, with transport to slaughter beginning Friday. Read BFC's press release from Tuesday at:
http://www.buffalofieldcampaign.org/media/press0607/pressreleases0607/052907.html

************
SAVE THE HERD ~ SPREAD THE WORD!!
Please pass this alert on to everyone you know! Thank you!!
************

--

Media & Outreach
Buffalo Field Campaign
P.O. Box 957
West Yellowstone, MT 59758
406-646-0070
bfc-media@wildrockies.org
http://www.buffalofieldcampaign.org

BFC is the only group working in the field every day
to defend the last wild herd of buffalo in America.

Stay informed! Get our weekly email Updates from the Field:
Send your email address to bfc-media@wildrockies.org

BOYCOTT BEEF! It's what's killing wild buffalo.

Speak Out! Contact politicians and involved agencies today:
http://www.buffalofieldcampaign.org/actnow/politicians.html

Write a Letter to the Editor of key newspapers:
http://www.buffalofieldcampaign.org/actnow/lte.html

Help the buffalo by recycling your used cell phones & printer cartridges:
It's free and easy. http://www.buffalofieldcampaign.org/support/recycleprint.html.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

NICHOLES INTEREST IN FREE ENERGY PLUS HEALTH& ENVIROMENTAL HER GENERATION

2007-05-24T14:43:00.000-07:00

CONGRATULATIONS NICHOLE ORTBERG

2007-05-24T14:30:00.000-07:00

-----Original Message-----
From: poetry.com
To: NICHOLE
Sent: Wed, 23 May 2007 3:23 pm
Subject: Congratulations, Nichole, on becoming a 2007 Poetry Ambassador!

W
Dear Nichole,
On behalf of the International Library of Poetry and the National Poetry Month Committee, we would like to congratulate you on receiving the distinguished honor of a 2007 Poetry Ambassador. We would like to thank you for all your efforts during this past month to promote and share your love of poetry with your friends, your family, and your community.

Your name has now been submitted, and you are now officially registered on the 2007 National Poetry Month Poetry Ambassador Online Directory. This directory includes the names of other poets just like you, whose dedication to the art of poetry makes them honored members of this elite assembly.
Nichole Ortberg, You Have Been Selected To Receive The Official 2007 Commemorative U.S. Poetry Ambassador Medal
Nichole, to further commemorate this great honor as a Poetry Ambassador, you have been selected to receive the official 2007 Commemorative U.S. Poetry Ambassador Medal. Famed artist Sandra McCorde specially designed this beautifully crafted, antique bronze medal to celebrate National Poetry Month and to symbolize your leadership as a 2007 Poetry Ambassador. This medal is fashioned after other U.S. medals awarded for a variety of historic achievements, and it is truly a work of art. The commemorative piece is decorated with a 1 1/2" x 3" red and white nylon ribbon. This impressive medal is produced with the highest quality materials that will last for generations. It is sure to become a cherished family heirloom. Your hardest decision will be whether to wear the 2007 Commemorative U.S. Poetry Ambassador Medal, display it in your home, or keep it in its elegant presentation box.

In keeping with the spirit of the celebration, a portion of all proceeds from the sale of this year's medal will go directly to charities that promote the art of poetry. When you place your order, you will receive your 2007 Commemorative U.S. Poetry Ambassador Medal in an elegant presentation box, a numbered certificate of authenticity, your personalized 2007 Poetry Ambassador Certificate with a gold embossed seal (suitable for framing), and the peace of mind in knowing that you are doing everything you can to promote the art that you love.

And that's not all . . . we have reserved a full page to honor this year's Poetry Ambassadors in a future issue of Poetry Today, a literary magazine published by the International Society of Poets and distributed worldwide.

Again, congratulations on becoming a 2007 Poetry Ambassador. As a member of this elite group of poets from around the nation, you should be very proud of this honor. We, here at the International Library of Poetry, are so grateful for all that you do to promote and share your love of poetry wherever and whenever you can.

Yours truly,

Edward Moffet III
Chairman - ILP / National Poetry Month Committee

P.S. Take advantage of receiving the limited edition 2007 Commemorative U.S. Poetry Ambassador Medal. This beautiful commemorative piece is in recognition of your poetic achievements, and it is something you can cherish for years to come. Act quickly, since there are only a limited number of medals available.

P.P.S. Don't stop sharing poetry now that April has ended. Through our network of poets challenging one another, we can continue acts of poetry throughout the year. Please take this challenge to heart and challenge another poet to do the same. Just imagine a world of peace, love, charitable efforts, and poetry.

This email was sent by: Poetry.com 1 Poetry Plaza Owings Mills, MD, 21117,
To

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

DEDICATED TO MY SOUTHERN HOBBIT

2007-05-16T15:36:00.000-07:00

FOR NICHOLE

2007-05-16T15:33:00.000-07:00

FOR NICHOLE ORTBERG SEE SCIENCE SECTION

2007-05-16T15:29:00.000-07:00

SOUTHERN HOBBIT NICHOLE HUGS

2007-05-16T15:26:00.000-07:00

-----Original Message-----
Sent: Wed, 16 May 2007 2:24 PM
Subject: Tell the NCRR director to permanently adopt the chimpanzee breeding moratorium

Dear Niece,

Please consider taking action online to urge National Council
Research Resources Director Barbara Alving to adopt a permanent
moratorium on the breeding of federally-owned chimpanzees for
use in research labs. Chimps are highly intelligent, research on
them does not always translate accurately to humans, and
alternative methods are becoming more and more available.

I hope you will join me in urging Dr. Alving to adopt the ban
for next year and into the future. It only takes a minute. Here
is the link:
https://community.hsus.org/campaign/2007_adopt_chimp_breeding_moratorium?rk=Fdav-gp19tcYW

******************************
This email is Powered by Convio, Inc.

http://www.convio.com

******************************

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

2007-04-12T00:16:00.000-07:00

सौठेर्ण होब्बित

2007-04-12T00:03:00.000-07:00

-----Original Message-----
From: satinverse@aol.com
To: heffect@infinet.net
Sent: Tue, 27 Mar 2007 10:27 AM
Subject: Fwd: poems

T
Sent: Tue, 20 Mar 2007 12:47 PM
Subject: poems

Dreams Of Spring
Mystic dreams come in spring, brining you, the one back to me.
Grass turns green an Earth begins to breath singing mystic lullabies in the sky above me,
Erythematic beats all her own Mother Nature sings me her song.
Flowers turn colors in shades of her, while butterflies dance along the trees,
I sit and watch peacefully, for my mystic dreams they come in spring.

Souls Ever Last
Heart beats with momentary stops catch your breath now back to bed.
This is where I meet death, panic attacks with paralyzing propulsions, my soul and body separate at last.
I see thee, lying there as if asleep my bodies dead an now my soul is free,
Weightless, happy and at peace my soul is like a child again playing hide and seek.
Fireflies come to join me, as do mystical beings of times neither present nor past
Like family here in my souls ever last.
Awake, I am now with body intact its day now as the sun shows me that, but yet
I know I’ll be back to my souls ever last.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOL now offers free email to everyone. Find out more about what's free from AOL at AOL.com.

-----Original Message-----
From: poetry@poetry-email.com
To:
Sent: Mon, 9 Apr 2007 3:04 PM
Subject: Nichole, You Are Nominated To Be The Next Poet Of The Year

Call To Register 410-356-2000 ext. 101

Imagine . . . "The winner of $20,000.00, a $10,000.00 book publishing contract, and our next Poet of the Year is Nichole Ortberg!"
Dear Nichole,
There is great news, and I want to be the first person to tell you. You are nominated for this year's Poet of the Year competition. It was not hard at all choosing this year's nominees. Your talent and dedication to poetry make you an obvious choice. We want you to share this momentous occasion with us in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 19-22, 2007 for the 21st Annual International Society of Poets Convention and Symposium. We are just now putting the finishing touches on what is sure to be the biggest poetry celebration of the decade.
Nichole, I want you to know that I am reserving a place for you at this year's event. Our Editorial Advisory Board and judges look forward to hearing you read your very best poem in this year's competition. As a nominee for this year's Poet of the Year award, you will be presented with a newly designed, imported lead crystal trophy honoring your outstanding achievements in poetry. There is an excellent chance that you could be one of the winners sharing $100,000.00 in cash and prizes that will be announced live on Sunday, July 22, 2007.
"American Idol" Winner Ruben Studdard and Emmy-Winning Comedian Louie Anderson Will Join Us in Las Vegas!
Nichole , are you ready for the biggest news I have ever shared with anyone? Ruben Studdard, winner of the hit Fox TV show "American Idol", will be there to entertain you at our gala banquet on Saturday evening, July 21, 2007. When I first learned Ruben Studdard was taking time away from his busy schedule to come to our symposium, I could not believe what I was hearing. Ruben Studdard was a 2004 Grammy nominee and won an NAACP Image Award the same year. Ruben's voice and showmanship should be a real treat. Also performing at this year's event is Emmy-winning Funnyman Louie Anderson. Audiences around the world know him from his years as a standup comedian, as host of "Family Feud", and from his award-winning cartoon, "Life with Louie". Recently, Comedy Central named Louie "One of the Top 100 Comedians of All Time," and we are thrilled to have him with us this year.
Viva Las Vegas!
Our host hotel, the historic Riviera Hotel, located on the famed Las Vegas Strip, also marked a huge milestone; they celebrated their 50th anniversary. During the past 50 years, they have hosted entertainment legends such as Bob Hope, Whitney Houston, and Jerry Seinfeld, making it one of Las Vegas's most celebrated hotels. Our planning staff chose the Riviera because of its luxurious accommodations, fine dining, and most of all, the affordable rates. The Riviera has offered our members an unbelievable discount under their published rates.
In addition to the fabulous entertainment, the International Society of Poets welcomes literary celebrities from around the world to enlighten us with seminars, workshops, and lectures. Past Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets David Wagoner, along with Pulitzer Prize winner W.D. Snodgrass, will give the keynote address. Educational Director Dr. Len Roberts, Poet Laureate Dr. Fleda Brown, and Mellon Poetry Prize winner Dr. Herbert Woodward Martin, along with other outstanding educators, will lead seminars on topics such as publishing, improving your poetry, poetic forms, and more.
Special Early Bird Savings!
Wow, what a weekend planned just for you! As always, we encourage all Poet of the Year nominees to bring friends and family to the convention so they can share your love of poetry and have a great time with you in Las Vegas. We are offering you a special limited time, early bird discount of $50 off your registration and $50 off the registration of each of your guests if you register by May 14, 2007. We must limit this special offer to a maximum of four of your guests. To redeem this great offer, you have to register no later than May 14, 2007. This is sure to be an event you do not want to miss. You may register online or call me today at 410-356-2000 ext. 101 to reserve your place at this historic event.
Sincerely,
Steve Michaels
ISP Chairman, Board of Trustees
P.S. Nichole, space is limited. Please register quickly, and if you register for the convention and a room at the Riviera before May 14, 2007, you will be entered for a chance to receive a backstage pass to meet Ruben Studdard at our Saturday Evening Banquet and Entertainment Extravaganza. Winners of the backstage passes will be notified by the ISP two weeks before the convention. To book your hotel room, call the Riviera at 800-634-6753 and be sure to mention the International Society of Poets Convention when you call to take advantage of our discounted room rates or you can book your room online . And don't forget about the great early bird registration fee if you register before May 14, 2007. See you in Vegas!

Call To Register 410-356-2000 ext. 101

This email was sent by: Poetry.com 1 Poetry Plaza Owings Mills, MD, 21117,
To Unsubscribe: Unsubscribe

THANKS HEARTFELT NICHOLE

2007-02-15T21:31:00.000-08:00

the angels came from you john :) they whispered a lullaby, a poem for two.. :) an guess what!!
That poem was of me an you.. southern hobbit

NICHOLES MAGICAL PICTURES YET ONLY ONE SIDE BLOGGER TOOK INTERESTING

2007-02-15T20:58:00.000-08:00

more of your great pictures and poems and happy valentines hi to your mom and dad

2007-02-14T23:40:00.000-08:00

hi southern hobbit your poem is added i included a picture of lisa randall one of our genuis of the age i know you understand love your poem

2007-02-14T23:14:00.000-08:00

for nichole your secretary the northern hobbit

2007-02-07T21:49:00.000-08:00

NIKKY GENERATIONS DENNIS WILL LISTEN

2007-02-06T23:42:00.000-08:00

A LITTLE MORE

2007-02-06T22:29:00.000-08:00

my southern hobbit

2007-02-05T20:57:00.000-08:00

well we met year ago or more she is 22 and when we talk its funny as she will end my senteances or i sense she will i sense also what she might say ; we communicate on all levels ; her ideas burn like the sun not giveing up on her generation concerns the drugging of young folks my docters pollution issues plus very earth connected senses and dreams her photographs show this as well as her poetry deeply intuned with the universe and love of humanity as well as so many other things like her family history going into johnny appleseed and plus her grandfather being a scientist so mutch of her family is connected to sciences and unusaul exsperments know in popualar areas i posted nikky s stuff on my blogger but realized i had options with blogger ; iam computer stupid ;;;; i wanted to get nikkys matriels in one location and its born welcome nichole ortberg aye ;;;;;;;;;

for my southern hobbit

2007-02-05T20:52:00.000-08:00

gee its hard to seperate this as nikkys info should be on the side section but we will figure that out her poetry ------ Tidal Waves
Tidal wave's of thought explode in my head,
looking at the world, i see the walking dead,
motions of beings come closer to talk,
yet i hear nothing an walk.
Every sound that drop's splashes back an hit like bass,
sending me to an unconceance place,
feeling the urge to speak an be heard,
understanding my rhymes that boggle an twist the mind,
healing the vibes with truth an time...To Far
To far up to hang this far down
spinning forward an hit the ground.
Rewind it all to see the end,
to find my self at the beginning again.
August 2,04

In a Moment
Lost in a moment of time, you fight the pain yet still can't rewind,
caught in the middle of fight or flight you've done them both an lost twice,
Where's the end so i can begain, I know my soul has grown tired an old
like a bomb shell ready to explode, back to the place were only angels know.
March 3,05

WELCOME SOUTHERN HOBBIT

2007-02-05T19:48:00.000-08:00